[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2890},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item-lessons-light-ch06-strings":3,"item-examples-light-ch06-strings":444,"item-exercises-light-ch06-strings":753,"item-lesson-full-ch06-strings-6.1":1070,"item-example-full-ch06-strings-6.1":1879,"item-exercise-full-ch06-strings-6.1":2248},[4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,68,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140,144,148,152,156,160,164,168,172,176,180,184,188,192,196,200,204,208,212,216,220,224,228,232,236,240,244,248,252,256,260,264,268,272,276,280,284,288,292,296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,356,360,364,368,372,376,380,384,388,392,396,400,404,408,412,416,420,424,428,432,436,440],{"path":5,"title":6,"stem":7},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1-why-java-for-frc","Why Java for FRC?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.1-why-java-for-frc",{"path":9,"title":10,"stem":11},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":13,"title":14,"stem":15},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":17,"title":18,"stem":19},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":21,"title":22,"stem":23},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":25,"title":26,"stem":27},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":29,"title":30,"stem":31},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":33,"title":34,"stem":35},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":37,"title":38,"stem":39},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":41,"title":42,"stem":43},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":45,"title":46,"stem":47},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":49,"title":50,"stem":51},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":53,"title":54,"stem":55},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":57,"title":58,"stem":59},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":61,"title":62,"stem":63},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":65,"title":66,"stem":67},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":69,"title":70,"stem":71},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","Control Structures: if Statements & For Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":73,"title":74,"stem":75},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":77,"title":78,"stem":79},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":81,"title":82,"stem":83},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":85,"title":86,"stem":87},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":89,"title":90,"stem":91},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":93,"title":94,"stem":95},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":97,"title":98,"stem":99},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":101,"title":102,"stem":103},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":105,"title":106,"stem":107},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":109,"title":110,"stem":111},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":113,"title":114,"stem":115},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":117,"title":118,"stem":119},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":121,"title":122,"stem":123},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","The Class Blueprint","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":125,"title":126,"stem":127},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":129,"title":130,"stem":131},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":133,"title":134,"stem":135},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":137,"title":138,"stem":139},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\"","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":141,"title":142,"stem":143},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":145,"title":146,"stem":147},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":149,"title":150,"stem":151},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":153,"title":154,"stem":155},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":157,"title":158,"stem":159},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":161,"title":162,"stem":163},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":165,"title":166,"stem":167},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":169,"title":170,"stem":171},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":173,"title":174,"stem":175},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":177,"title":178,"stem":179},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":181,"title":182,"stem":183},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":185,"title":186,"stem":187},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":189,"title":190,"stem":191},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":193,"title":194,"stem":195},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":197,"title":198,"stem":199},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":201,"title":202,"stem":203},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":205,"title":206,"stem":207},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":209,"title":210,"stem":211},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":213,"title":214,"stem":215},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":217,"title":218,"stem":219},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":221,"title":222,"stem":223},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":225,"title":226,"stem":227},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":229,"title":230,"stem":231},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":233,"title":234,"stem":235},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":237,"title":238,"stem":239},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":241,"title":242,"stem":243},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":245,"title":246,"stem":247},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":249,"title":250,"stem":251},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":253,"title":254,"stem":255},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":257,"title":258,"stem":259},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":261,"title":262,"stem":263},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":265,"title":266,"stem":267},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":269,"title":270,"stem":271},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":273,"title":274,"stem":275},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":277,"title":278,"stem":279},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":281,"title":282,"stem":283},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":285,"title":286,"stem":287},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":289,"title":290,"stem":291},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":293,"title":294,"stem":295},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":297,"title":298,"stem":299},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":301,"title":302,"stem":303},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":305,"title":306,"stem":307},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":309,"title":310,"stem":311},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":313,"title":314,"stem":315},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":317,"title":318,"stem":319},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":321,"title":322,"stem":323},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"path":325,"title":326,"stem":327},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F1-coming-soon","Git & GitHub Basics — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F29.1-coming-soon",{"path":329,"title":330,"stem":331},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F1-coming-soon","Git — History & Merging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F30.1-coming-soon",{"path":333,"title":334,"stem":335},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F1-coming-soon","Dev Environment & Tooling — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F31.1-coming-soon",{"path":337,"title":338,"stem":339},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F1-coming-soon","Unit Testing — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F32.1-coming-soon",{"path":341,"title":342,"stem":343},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageKit — AutoLogging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F33.1-coming-soon",{"path":345,"title":346,"stem":347},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F1-coming-soon","Log Replay — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F34.1-coming-soon",{"path":349,"title":350,"stem":351},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope I: Visualization — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F35.1-coming-soon",{"path":353,"title":354,"stem":355},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope II: Custom 3D Assets — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F36.1-coming-soon",{"path":357,"title":358,"stem":359},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F37.1-coming-soon",{"path":361,"title":362,"stem":363},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous II: PathPlanner & Trajectories — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F38.1-coming-soon",{"path":365,"title":366,"stem":367},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Control Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F39.1-coming-soon",{"path":369,"title":370,"stem":371},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F1-coming-soon","Motion Profiles — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F40.1-coming-soon",{"path":373,"title":374,"stem":375},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Hardware Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F41.1-coming-soon",{"path":377,"title":378,"stem":379},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F1-coming-soon","PhotonVision — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F42.1-coming-soon",{"path":381,"title":382,"stem":383},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F1-coming-soon","AprilTags & Pose — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F43.1-coming-soon",{"path":385,"title":386,"stem":387},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F44.1-coming-soon",{"path":389,"title":390,"stem":391},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems II — Advanced — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F45.1-coming-soon",{"path":393,"title":394,"stem":395},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Team Utilities I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F46.1-coming-soon",{"path":397,"title":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F1-coming-soon","Field Constants — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F47.1-coming-soon",{"path":401,"title":402,"stem":403},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting I — Runtime Debug — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F48.1-coming-soon",{"path":405,"title":406,"stem":407},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting II: CAN & Sim — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F49.1-coming-soon",{"path":409,"title":410,"stem":411},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Libraries: TalonFX — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F50.1-coming-soon",{"path":413,"title":414,"stem":415},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F1-coming-soon","Robot Alerts — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F51.1-coming-soon",{"path":417,"title":418,"stem":419},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Commands — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F52.1-coming-soon",{"path":421,"title":422,"stem":423},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Geometry — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F53.1-coming-soon",{"path":425,"title":426,"stem":427},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F1-coming-soon","NetworkTables — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F54.1-coming-soon",{"path":429,"title":430,"stem":431},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F1-coming-soon","Command Scheduler — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F55.1-coming-soon",{"path":433,"title":434,"stem":435},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Timers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F56.1-coming-soon",{"path":437,"title":438,"stem":439},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Triggers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F57.1-coming-soon",{"path":441,"title":442,"stem":443},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Units & Conversions — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F58.1-coming-soon",[445,449,453,457,461,465,469,473,477,481,485,489,493,497,501,505,509,513,517,521,525,529,533,537,541,545,549,553,557,561,565,569,573,577,581,585,589,593,597,601,605,609,613,617,621,625,629,633,637,641,645,649,653,657,661,665,669,673,677,681,685,689,693,697,701,705,709,713,717,721,725,729,733,737,741,745,749],{"path":446,"title":447,"stem":448},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":450,"title":451,"stem":452},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":454,"title":455,"stem":456},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":458,"title":459,"stem":460},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":462,"title":463,"stem":464},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":466,"title":467,"stem":468},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":470,"title":471,"stem":472},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":474,"title":475,"stem":476},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":478,"title":479,"stem":480},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":482,"title":483,"stem":484},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":486,"title":487,"stem":488},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":490,"title":491,"stem":492},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":494,"title":495,"stem":496},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":498,"title":499,"stem":500},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":502,"title":503,"stem":504},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":506,"title":507,"stem":508},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":510,"title":511,"stem":512},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":514,"title":515,"stem":516},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":518,"title":519,"stem":520},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":522,"title":523,"stem":524},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":526,"title":527,"stem":528},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":530,"title":531,"stem":532},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":534,"title":535,"stem":536},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":538,"title":539,"stem":540},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":542,"title":543,"stem":544},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":546,"title":547,"stem":548},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":550,"title":551,"stem":552},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":554,"title":555,"stem":556},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":558,"title":559,"stem":560},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":562,"title":563,"stem":564},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":566,"title":567,"stem":568},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":570,"title":571,"stem":572},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":574,"title":575,"stem":576},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":578,"title":579,"stem":580},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":582,"title":583,"stem":584},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":586,"title":587,"stem":588},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":590,"title":591,"stem":592},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":594,"title":595,"stem":596},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":598,"title":599,"stem":600},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":602,"title":603,"stem":604},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":606,"title":607,"stem":608},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":610,"title":611,"stem":612},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":614,"title":615,"stem":616},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":618,"title":619,"stem":620},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":622,"title":623,"stem":624},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":626,"title":627,"stem":628},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":630,"title":631,"stem":632},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":634,"title":635,"stem":636},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":638,"title":639,"stem":640},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":642,"title":643,"stem":644},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":646,"title":647,"stem":648},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":650,"title":651,"stem":652},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":654,"title":655,"stem":656},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":658,"title":659,"stem":660},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":662,"title":663,"stem":664},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":666,"title":667,"stem":668},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":670,"title":671,"stem":672},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":674,"title":675,"stem":676},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":678,"title":679,"stem":680},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":682,"title":683,"stem":684},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":686,"title":687,"stem":688},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":690,"title":691,"stem":692},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":694,"title":695,"stem":696},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":698,"title":699,"stem":700},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":702,"title":703,"stem":704},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming? — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":706,"title":707,"stem":708},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":710,"title":711,"stem":712},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":714,"title":715,"stem":716},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":718,"title":719,"stem":720},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":722,"title":723,"stem":724},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":726,"title":727,"stem":728},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":730,"title":731,"stem":732},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":734,"title":735,"stem":736},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":738,"title":739,"stem":740},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":742,"title":743,"stem":744},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":746,"title":747,"stem":748},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":750,"title":751,"stem":752},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",[754,758,762,766,770,774,778,782,786,790,794,798,802,806,810,814,818,822,826,830,834,838,842,846,850,854,858,862,866,870,874,878,882,886,890,894,898,902,906,910,914,918,922,926,930,934,938,942,946,950,954,958,962,966,970,974,978,982,986,990,994,998,1002,1006,1010,1014,1018,1022,1026,1030,1034,1038,1042,1046,1050,1054,1058,1062,1066],{"path":755,"title":756,"stem":757},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":759,"title":760,"stem":761},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":763,"title":764,"stem":765},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":767,"title":768,"stem":769},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":771,"title":772,"stem":773},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":775,"title":776,"stem":777},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":779,"title":780,"stem":781},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":783,"title":784,"stem":785},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":787,"title":788,"stem":789},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":791,"title":792,"stem":793},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":795,"title":796,"stem":797},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":799,"title":800,"stem":801},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":803,"title":804,"stem":805},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":807,"title":808,"stem":809},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":811,"title":812,"stem":813},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":815,"title":816,"stem":817},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":819,"title":820,"stem":821},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":823,"title":824,"stem":825},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":827,"title":828,"stem":829},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":831,"title":832,"stem":833},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":835,"title":836,"stem":837},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":839,"title":840,"stem":841},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":843,"title":844,"stem":845},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":847,"title":848,"stem":849},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":851,"title":852,"stem":853},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":855,"title":856,"stem":857},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":859,"title":860,"stem":861},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":863,"title":864,"stem":865},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":867,"title":868,"stem":869},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":871,"title":872,"stem":873},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":875,"title":876,"stem":877},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":879,"title":880,"stem":881},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":883,"title":884,"stem":885},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":887,"title":888,"stem":889},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":891,"title":892,"stem":893},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":895,"title":896,"stem":897},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":899,"title":900,"stem":901},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":903,"title":904,"stem":905},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":907,"title":908,"stem":909},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":911,"title":912,"stem":913},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":915,"title":916,"stem":917},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":919,"title":920,"stem":921},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":923,"title":924,"stem":925},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":927,"title":928,"stem":929},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":931,"title":932,"stem":933},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":935,"title":936,"stem":937},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":939,"title":940,"stem":941},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":943,"title":944,"stem":945},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns? — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":947,"title":948,"stem":949},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":951,"title":952,"stem":953},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":955,"title":956,"stem":957},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":959,"title":960,"stem":961},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":963,"title":964,"stem":965},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":967,"title":968,"stem":969},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":971,"title":972,"stem":973},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":975,"title":976,"stem":977},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":979,"title":980,"stem":981},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":983,"title":984,"stem":985},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":987,"title":988,"stem":989},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":991,"title":992,"stem":993},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":995,"title":996,"stem":997},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":999,"title":1000,"stem":1001},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":1003,"title":1004,"stem":1005},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":1007,"title":1008,"stem":1009},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":1011,"title":1012,"stem":1013},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":1015,"title":1016,"stem":1017},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming? — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":1019,"title":1020,"stem":1021},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":1023,"title":1024,"stem":1025},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":1027,"title":1028,"stem":1029},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":1031,"title":1032,"stem":1033},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":1035,"title":1036,"stem":1037},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":1039,"title":1040,"stem":1041},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":1043,"title":1044,"stem":1045},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":1047,"title":1048,"stem":1049},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":1051,"title":1052,"stem":1053},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":1055,"title":1056,"stem":1057},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":1059,"title":1060,"stem":1061},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":1063,"title":1064,"stem":1065},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":1067,"title":1068,"stem":1069},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"id":1071,"title":114,"body":1072,"description":1111,"extension":1872,"meta":1873,"navigation":1876,"path":113,"seo":1877,"stem":115,"__hash__":1878},"lessons\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings.md",{"type":1073,"value":1074,"toc":1858},"minimark",[1075,1079,1084,1105,1128,1138,1142,1148,1169,1173,1183,1192,1214,1218,1245,1263,1271,1290,1305,1324,1333,1337,1375,1384,1388,1394,1533,1562,1602,1624,1639,1647,1662,1687,1691,1747,1751,1843,1854],[1076,1077,114],"h1",{"id":1078},"strings",[1080,1081,1083],"h2",{"id":1082},"strings-are-objects","Strings Are Objects",[1085,1086,1087,1091,1092,1095,1096,1099,1100,1104],"p",{},[1088,1089,1090],"code",{},"String"," is a class, part of ",[1088,1093,1094],{},"java.lang"," (no import needed). Like any class, you can create one with ",[1088,1097,1098],{},"new",", or with the shorter ",[1101,1102,1103],"strong",{},"string literal"," syntax:",[1106,1107,1112],"pre",{"className":1108,"code":1109,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","String autoNameA = new String(\"BlueAlliance-Left\"); \u002F\u002F rarely used — explicit new\nString autoNameB = \"BlueAlliance-Left\";              \u002F\u002F the normal way — a literal\n","java","",[1088,1113,1114,1122],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1116,1119],"span",{"class":1117,"line":1118},"line",1,[1115,1120,1121],{},"String autoNameA = new String(\"BlueAlliance-Left\"); \u002F\u002F rarely used — explicit new\n",[1115,1123,1125],{"class":1117,"line":1124},2,[1115,1126,1127],{},"String autoNameB = \"BlueAlliance-Left\";              \u002F\u002F the normal way — a literal\n",[1085,1129,1130,1131,1133,1134,1137],{},"Both create a ",[1088,1132,1090],{}," object holding the same text; the literal form (",[1088,1135,1136],{},"autoNameB","'s style) is what you'll use almost always. (They're written here as two separately-named variables just to compare the syntax side by side — normally you'd pick one style and use it.)",[1080,1139,1141],{"id":1140},"strings-are-immutable","Strings Are Immutable",[1085,1143,1144,1145,1147],{},"Once a ",[1088,1146,1090],{}," is created, its characters can never change. Every method that looks like it \"modifies\" a string actually returns a brand-new one, leaving the original untouched:",[1106,1149,1151],{"className":1108,"code":1150,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"String name = \"Titan\";\nname.toUpperCase(); \u002F\u002F does nothing useful — the result is thrown away!\nname = name.toUpperCase(); \u002F\u002F this is how you actually keep the change\n",[1088,1152,1153,1158,1163],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1154,1155],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1156,1157],{},"String name = \"Titan\";\n",[1115,1159,1160],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,1161,1162],{},"name.toUpperCase(); \u002F\u002F does nothing useful — the result is thrown away!\n",[1115,1164,1166],{"class":1117,"line":1165},3,[1115,1167,1168],{},"name = name.toUpperCase(); \u002F\u002F this is how you actually keep the change\n",[1080,1170,1172],{"id":1171},"concatenation","Concatenation",[1085,1174,1175,1178,1179,1182],{},[1088,1176,1177],{},"+"," and ",[1088,1180,1181],{},"+="," join strings together, and automatically convert non-string values into strings:",[1106,1184,1186],{"className":1108,"code":1185,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"String status = \"Auto: \" + autoName + \", step \" + 3; \u002F\u002F the int 3 converts automatically\n",[1088,1187,1188],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1189,1190],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1191,1185],{},[1085,1193,1194,1195,1197,1198,1201,1202,1205,1206,1209,1210,1213],{},"Watch the order when mixing ",[1088,1196,1177],{}," with numbers — it's evaluated left to right, so ",[1088,1199,1200],{},"\"Score: \" + 1 + 2"," gives ",[1088,1203,1204],{},"\"Score: 12\""," (each number appends as text in turn), not ",[1088,1207,1208],{},"\"Score: 3\"",". Use parentheses — ",[1088,1211,1212],{},"\"Score: \" + (1 + 2)"," — to force the addition first.",[1080,1215,1217],{"id":1216},"index-and-length","Index and Length",[1085,1219,1220,1221,1224,1225,1228,1229,1232,1233,1236,1237,1240,1241,1244],{},"Each character has a position, or ",[1101,1222,1223],{},"index",", starting at 0. ",[1088,1226,1227],{},"length()"," returns the total character count — the last valid index is always ",[1088,1230,1231],{},"length() - 1",". There's no bracket notation like an array's (",[1088,1234,1235],{},"autoName[0]"," isn't valid Java) — getting a single character means using ",[1088,1238,1239],{},"substring"," or ",[1088,1242,1243],{},"charAt",", covered next.",[1085,1246,1247,1248,1251,1252,1254,1255,1258,1259,1262],{},"Accessing an index outside ",[1088,1249,1250],{},"0"," to ",[1088,1253,1231],{}," throws a ",[1088,1256,1257],{},"StringIndexOutOfBoundsException"," (a kind of ",[1088,1260,1261],{},"IndexOutOfBoundsException",").",[1080,1264,1266,1178,1268],{"id":1265},"charat-and-char",[1088,1267,1243],{},[1088,1269,1270],{},"char",[1085,1272,1273,1276,1277,1279,1280,1283,1284,1286,1287,1289],{},[1088,1274,1275],{},"substring(i, i + 1)"," gets a single character back as a one-character ",[1088,1278,1090],{},". ",[1088,1281,1282],{},"charAt(i)"," is the more direct way — it returns that one character as a ",[1088,1285,1270],{},", a primitive type (Ch.2.1), not a ",[1088,1288,1090],{},":",[1106,1291,1293],{"className":1108,"code":1292,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"char first = autoName.charAt(0);            \u002F\u002F 'B' — a char, single-quoted\nString firstAsString = autoName.substring(0, 1); \u002F\u002F \"B\" — a String, double-quoted\n",[1088,1294,1295,1300],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1296,1297],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1298,1299],{},"char first = autoName.charAt(0);            \u002F\u002F 'B' — a char, single-quoted\n",[1115,1301,1302],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,1303,1304],{},"String firstAsString = autoName.substring(0, 1); \u002F\u002F \"B\" — a String, double-quoted\n",[1085,1306,1307,1308,1310,1311,1313,1314,1317,1318,1321,1322,1289],{},"Because ",[1088,1309,1270],{}," is a primitive, compare two ",[1088,1312,1270],{}," values with ",[1088,1315,1316],{},"==",", not ",[1088,1319,1320],{},".equals()"," — the opposite of the rule for ",[1088,1323,1090],{},[1106,1325,1327],{"className":1108,"code":1326,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"if (autoName.charAt(0) == 'B') \u002F\u002F correct for char — == is fine here\n",[1088,1328,1329],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1330,1331],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1332,1326],{},[1080,1334,1336],{"id":1335},"the-core-string-methods","The Core String Methods",[1106,1338,1340],{"className":1108,"code":1339,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"String autoName = \"BlueAlliance-Left\";\nautoName.length();          \u002F\u002F 17\nautoName.substring(0, 4);   \u002F\u002F \"Blue\" — from index 0 up to (not including) 4\nautoName.substring(13);     \u002F\u002F \"Left\" — from index 13 to the end\nautoName.indexOf(\"Left\");   \u002F\u002F 13 — or -1 if not found\nautoName.equals(\"BlueAlliance-Left\"); \u002F\u002F true — compares actual characters\n",[1088,1341,1342,1347,1352,1357,1363,1369],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1343,1344],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1345,1346],{},"String autoName = \"BlueAlliance-Left\";\n",[1115,1348,1349],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,1350,1351],{},"autoName.length();          \u002F\u002F 17\n",[1115,1353,1354],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,1355,1356],{},"autoName.substring(0, 4);   \u002F\u002F \"Blue\" — from index 0 up to (not including) 4\n",[1115,1358,1360],{"class":1117,"line":1359},4,[1115,1361,1362],{},"autoName.substring(13);     \u002F\u002F \"Left\" — from index 13 to the end\n",[1115,1364,1366],{"class":1117,"line":1365},5,[1115,1367,1368],{},"autoName.indexOf(\"Left\");   \u002F\u002F 13 — or -1 if not found\n",[1115,1370,1372],{"class":1117,"line":1371},6,[1115,1373,1374],{},"autoName.equals(\"BlueAlliance-Left\"); \u002F\u002F true — compares actual characters\n",[1085,1376,1377,1379,1380,1383],{},[1088,1378,1275],{}," is the standard way to get just the single character at index ",[1088,1381,1382],{},"i",".",[1080,1385,1387],{"id":1386},"other-everyday-string-methods","Other Everyday String Methods",[1085,1389,1390,1391,1393],{},"Several more ",[1088,1392,1090],{}," methods come up constantly in real code:",[1395,1396,1397,1410],"table",{},[1398,1399,1400],"thead",{},[1401,1402,1403,1407],"tr",{},[1404,1405,1406],"th",{},"Method",[1404,1408,1409],{},"What it does",[1411,1412,1413,1427,1440,1457,1475,1490,1503,1519],"tbody",{},[1401,1414,1415,1421],{},[1416,1417,1418],"td",{},[1088,1419,1420],{},"equalsIgnoreCase(other)",[1416,1422,1423,1424,1426],{},"like ",[1088,1425,1320],{},", but treats upper\u002Flowercase as the same",[1401,1428,1429,1434],{},[1416,1430,1431],{},[1088,1432,1433],{},"compareTo(other)",[1416,1435,1436,1437],{},"negative\u002Fzero\u002Fpositive — alphabetical order relative to ",[1088,1438,1439],{},"other",[1401,1441,1442,1447],{},[1416,1443,1444],{},[1088,1445,1446],{},"contains(text)",[1416,1448,1449,1452,1453,1456],{},[1088,1450,1451],{},"true"," if ",[1088,1454,1455],{},"text"," appears anywhere inside",[1401,1458,1459,1468],{},[1416,1460,1461,1464,1465],{},[1088,1462,1463],{},"startsWith(text)"," \u002F ",[1088,1466,1467],{},"endsWith(text)",[1416,1469,1470,1472,1473],{},[1088,1471,1451],{}," if the string begins\u002Fends with ",[1088,1474,1455],{},[1401,1476,1477,1485],{},[1416,1478,1479,1464,1482],{},[1088,1480,1481],{},"isEmpty()",[1088,1483,1484],{},"isBlank()",[1416,1486,1487,1489],{},[1088,1488,1451],{}," if length is 0 \u002F if it's empty or all whitespace",[1401,1491,1492,1500],{},[1416,1493,1494,1464,1497],{},[1088,1495,1496],{},"trim()",[1088,1498,1499],{},"strip()",[1416,1501,1502],{},"a copy with leading\u002Ftrailing whitespace removed",[1401,1504,1505,1510],{},[1416,1506,1507],{},[1088,1508,1509],{},"replace(old, new)",[1416,1511,1512,1513,1516,1517],{},"a copy with every occurrence of ",[1088,1514,1515],{},"old"," swapped for ",[1088,1518,1098],{},[1401,1520,1521,1526],{},[1416,1522,1523],{},[1088,1524,1525],{},"split(regex)",[1416,1527,1528,1529,1532],{},"breaks the string apart into a ",[1088,1530,1531],{},"String[]"," around a separator",[1106,1534,1536],{"className":1108,"code":1535,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"\"  R2-1622  \".trim();                    \u002F\u002F \"R2-1622\"\n\"BlueAlliance\".contains(\"Alliance\");     \u002F\u002F true\n\"Left\".equalsIgnoreCase(\"LEFT\");         \u002F\u002F true\n",[1088,1537,1538,1546,1554],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1539,1540,1543],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1541,1542],{},"\"  R2-1622  \".trim();",[1115,1544,1545],{},"                    \u002F\u002F \"R2-1622\"\n",[1115,1547,1548,1551],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,1549,1550],{},"\"BlueAlliance\".contains(\"Alliance\");",[1115,1552,1553],{},"     \u002F\u002F true\n",[1115,1555,1556,1559],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,1557,1558],{},"\"Left\".equalsIgnoreCase(\"LEFT\");",[1115,1560,1561],{},"         \u002F\u002F true\n",[1085,1563,1564,1565,1567,1568,1571,1572,1576,1577,1579,1580,1583,1584,1586,1587,1590,1591,1594,1595,1597,1598,1601],{},"A ",[1088,1566,1090],{}," variable can be ",[1088,1569,1570],{},"null"," — a reference (Ch.7) pointing at no object at all. Calling a method ",[1573,1574,1575],"em",{},"on"," a ",[1088,1578,1570],{}," String throws a ",[1088,1581,1582],{},"NullPointerException",". If you're comparing against a value that might be ",[1088,1585,1570],{},", put a known-non-null literal first: ",[1088,1588,1589],{},"\"Left\".equals(status)"," never throws even if ",[1088,1592,1593],{},"status"," is ",[1088,1596,1570],{},", but ",[1088,1599,1600],{},"status.equals(\"Left\")"," does.",[1085,1603,1604,1607,1608,1611,1612,1615,1616,1619,1620,1623],{},[1088,1605,1606],{},"String.format(...)"," (and ",[1088,1609,1610],{},"System.out.printf(...)",", which prints the formatted result directly) builds a formatted string from a pattern: ",[1088,1613,1614],{},"%.2f"," for a number to 2 decimal places, ",[1088,1617,1618],{},"%d"," for an integer, ",[1088,1621,1622],{},"%s"," for a string.",[1106,1625,1627],{"className":1108,"code":1626,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"String msg = String.format(\"Speed: %.2f, Cycle: %d\", 0.755, 3);\n\u002F\u002F \"Speed: 0.76, Cycle: 3\"\n",[1088,1628,1629,1634],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1630,1631],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1632,1633],{},"String msg = String.format(\"Speed: %.2f, Cycle: %d\", 0.755, 3);\n",[1115,1635,1636],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,1637,1638],{},"\u002F\u002F \"Speed: 0.76, Cycle: 3\"\n",[1080,1640,1642,1644,1645],{"id":1641},"equals-not",[1088,1643,1320],{},", Not ",[1088,1646,1316],{},[1085,1648,1649,1651,1652,1654,1655,1658,1659,1661],{},[1088,1650,1316],{}," on a ",[1088,1653,1090],{}," checks whether two variables point at the ",[1573,1656,1657],{},"same object"," — not whether their text matches. Use ",[1088,1660,1320],{}," to compare actual content:",[1106,1663,1665],{"className":1108,"code":1664,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"String a = new String(\"Left\");\nString b = new String(\"Left\");\nSystem.out.println(a == b);       \u002F\u002F false — two different objects\nSystem.out.println(a.equals(b));  \u002F\u002F true — same characters\n",[1088,1666,1667,1672,1677,1682],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1668,1669],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1670,1671],{},"String a = new String(\"Left\");\n",[1115,1673,1674],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,1675,1676],{},"String b = new String(\"Left\");\n",[1115,1678,1679],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,1680,1681],{},"System.out.println(a == b);       \u002F\u002F false — two different objects\n",[1115,1683,1684],{"class":1117,"line":1359},[1115,1685,1686],{},"System.out.println(a.equals(b));  \u002F\u002F true — same characters\n",[1080,1688,1690],{"id":1689},"common-pitfalls","Common Pitfalls",[1692,1693,1694,1713,1727],"ul",{},[1695,1696,1697,1703,1704,1706,1707,1709,1710,1712],"li",{},[1101,1698,1699,1700,1702],{},"Using ",[1088,1701,1316],{}," to compare string content."," It always compiles and runs — ",[1088,1705,1316],{}," never errors on strings. It can even seem to work at first, since identical string literals are often the very same object — but it silently fails on strings built at runtime (",[1088,1708,1239],{},", concatenation, input). Always use ",[1088,1711,1320],{}," for strings.",[1695,1714,1715,1718,1719,1722,1723,1726],{},[1101,1716,1717],{},"Forgetting a string method's result has to be used."," ",[1088,1720,1721],{},"autoName.toUpperCase();"," alone does nothing — strings are immutable, so the result must be captured (",[1088,1724,1725],{},"autoName = autoName.toUpperCase();",") or it's lost.",[1695,1728,1729,1734,1735,1738,1739,1742,1743,1746],{},[1101,1730,1731,1732,1383],{},"Off-by-one in ",[1088,1733,1239],{}," The ",[1088,1736,1737],{},"to"," index in ",[1088,1740,1741],{},"substring(from, to)"," is exclusive — ",[1088,1744,1745],{},"substring(0, 4)"," gives 4 characters (indices 0-3), not 5.",[1080,1748,1750],{"id":1749},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[1692,1752,1753,1762,1765,1773,1803,1834],{},[1695,1754,1755,1757,1758,1761],{},[1088,1756,1090],{}," is a class; string literals (",[1088,1759,1760],{},"\"text\"",") are the normal way to create one.",[1695,1763,1764],{},"Strings are immutable — every \"modifying\" method returns a new string instead of changing the original.",[1695,1766,1767,1769,1770,1772],{},[1088,1768,1177],{},"\u002F",[1088,1771,1181],{}," concatenate, auto-converting non-string values to text.",[1695,1774,1775,1777,1778,1777,1781,1777,1784,1787,1788,1790,1791,1793,1794,1796,1797,1790,1799,1793,1801,1262],{},[1088,1776,1227],{},", ",[1088,1779,1780],{},"substring()",[1088,1782,1783],{},"indexOf()",[1088,1785,1786],{},"charAt()"," are the core methods, all indexed from 0. ",[1088,1789,1786],{}," returns a ",[1088,1792,1270],{}," (compare with ",[1088,1795,1316],{},"); ",[1088,1798,1780],{},[1088,1800,1090],{},[1088,1802,1320],{},[1695,1804,1805,1777,1808,1777,1811,1769,1814,1777,1817,1777,1820,1823,1824,1827,1828,1830,1831,1833],{},[1088,1806,1807],{},"equalsIgnoreCase",[1088,1809,1810],{},"contains",[1088,1812,1813],{},"trim",[1088,1815,1816],{},"strip",[1088,1818,1819],{},"replace",[1088,1821,1822],{},"split",", and ",[1088,1825,1826],{},"String.format"," cover most everyday text work; a ",[1088,1829,1570],{}," String throws ",[1088,1832,1582],{}," if you call a method on it.",[1695,1835,1836,1837,1839,1840,1842],{},"Use ",[1088,1838,1320],{}," to compare string content — ",[1088,1841,1316],{}," only checks whether two variables reference the same object.",[1085,1844,1845,1846,1849,1850,1853],{},"Derived from ",[1088,1847,1848],{},"csawesome-2026",": ",[1088,1851,1852],{},"unit-1-using-objects-and-methods\u002F1.15-strings.md"," (CSA 1.15)",[1855,1856,1857],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":1111,"searchDepth":1124,"depth":1124,"links":1859},[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1866,1867,1868,1870,1871],{"id":1082,"depth":1124,"text":1083},{"id":1140,"depth":1124,"text":1141},{"id":1171,"depth":1124,"text":1172},{"id":1216,"depth":1124,"text":1217},{"id":1265,"depth":1124,"text":1865},"charAt and char",{"id":1335,"depth":1124,"text":1336},{"id":1386,"depth":1124,"text":1387},{"id":1641,"depth":1124,"text":1869},".equals(), Not ==",{"id":1689,"depth":1124,"text":1690},{"id":1749,"depth":1124,"text":1750},"md",{"outlineRef":1874,"status":1875},"6.1 — Strings (CSA 1.15)","new — authored lesson (fuller depth than the teaser slide)",true,{"title":114,"description":1111},"Cyn0JW5XhUyzVjniENh-Y3q1-cvNxjQDiDP-B53oPPo",{"id":1880,"title":551,"body":1881,"description":1111,"extension":1872,"meta":2243,"navigation":1876,"path":550,"seo":2246,"stem":552,"__hash__":2247},"examples\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings.md",{"type":1073,"value":1882,"toc":2227},[1883,1886,1890,1897,1901,1917,1924,1965,1976,1983,1992,1998,2013,2023,2027,2032,2055,2059,2074,2077,2084,2092,2112,2136,2140,2160,2162,2168,2181,2185,2225],[1076,1884,551],{"id":1885},"strings-worked-example",[1080,1887,1889],{"id":1888},"problem","Problem",[1085,1891,1892,1893,1896],{},"Your scouting app logs a station code like ",[1088,1894,1895],{},"\"R2-1622\""," — a station and a team number, joined by one dash. Pull the two pieces apart, print a readable summary, and confirm the extracted team number matches the one you expected.",[1080,1898,1900],{"id":1899},"step-1-plan-it-first","Step 1: Plan It First",[1902,1903,1904,1907,1910],"ol",{},[1695,1905,1906],{},"Find the dash and split the code into two pieces: station and team number.",[1695,1908,1909],{},"Build a readable summary string from the pieces.",[1695,1911,1912,1913,1317,1915,1383],{},"Compare the extracted team number against an expected value with ",[1088,1914,1320],{},[1088,1916,1316],{},[1080,1918,1920,1921],{"id":1919},"step-2-set-up-the-class-and-main","Step 2: Set Up the Class and ",[1088,1922,1923],{},"main",[1106,1925,1927],{"className":1108,"code":1926,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"public class StationCode\n{\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        String code = \"R2-1622\";\n    }\n}\n",[1088,1928,1929,1934,1939,1944,1949,1954,1959],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1930,1931],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1932,1933],{},"public class StationCode\n",[1115,1935,1936],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,1937,1938],{},"{\n",[1115,1940,1941],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,1942,1943],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)\n",[1115,1945,1946],{"class":1117,"line":1359},[1115,1947,1948],{},"    {\n",[1115,1950,1951],{"class":1117,"line":1365},[1115,1952,1953],{},"        String code = \"R2-1622\";\n",[1115,1955,1956],{"class":1117,"line":1371},[1115,1957,1958],{},"    }\n",[1115,1960,1962],{"class":1117,"line":1961},7,[1115,1963,1964],{},"}\n",[1085,1966,1967,1969,1970,1972,1973,1975],{},[1088,1968,1088],{}," is created with a string literal — the normal way to make a ",[1088,1971,1090],{},", no ",[1088,1974,1098],{}," needed.",[1080,1977,1979,1980],{"id":1978},"step-3-find-the-dash-with-indexof","Step 3: Find the Dash with ",[1088,1981,1982],{},"indexOf",[1106,1984,1986],{"className":1108,"code":1985,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"int dashIndex = code.indexOf(\"-\"); \u002F\u002F 2\n",[1088,1987,1988],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,1989,1990],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,1991,1985],{},[1080,1993,1995,1996],{"id":1994},"step-4-extract-the-two-pieces-with-substring","Step 4: Extract the Two Pieces with ",[1088,1997,1239],{},[1106,1999,2001],{"className":1108,"code":2000,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"String station = code.substring(0, dashIndex);    \u002F\u002F \"R2\"\nString teamNumber = code.substring(dashIndex + 1); \u002F\u002F \"1622\"\n",[1088,2002,2003,2008],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2004,2005],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2006,2007],{},"String station = code.substring(0, dashIndex);    \u002F\u002F \"R2\"\n",[1115,2009,2010],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,2011,2012],{},"String teamNumber = code.substring(dashIndex + 1); \u002F\u002F \"1622\"\n",[1085,2014,2015,2018,2019,2022],{},[1088,2016,2017],{},"substring(0, dashIndex)"," takes everything up to (not including) the dash. ",[1088,2020,2021],{},"substring(dashIndex + 1)"," with one argument takes everything after it, to the end.",[1080,2024,2026],{"id":2025},"step-5-make-sure-the-team-number-isnt-empty","Step 5: Make Sure the Team Number Isn't Empty",[1085,2028,2029,2031],{},[1088,2030,1227],{}," catches a code that was missing its second half:",[1106,2033,2035],{"className":1108,"code":2034,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"if (teamNumber.length() == 0)\n{\n    System.out.println(\"Missing team number!\");\n}\n",[1088,2036,2037,2042,2046,2051],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2038,2039],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2040,2041],{},"if (teamNumber.length() == 0)\n",[1115,2043,2044],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,2045,1938],{},[1115,2047,2048],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,2049,2050],{},"    System.out.println(\"Missing team number!\");\n",[1115,2052,2053],{"class":1117,"line":1359},[1115,2054,1964],{},[1080,2056,2058],{"id":2057},"step-6-build-the-summary-with-concatenation","Step 6: Build the Summary with Concatenation",[1106,2060,2062],{"className":1108,"code":2061,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"String summary = \"Station \" + station + \" has team \" + teamNumber;\nSystem.out.println(summary);\n",[1088,2063,2064,2069],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2065,2066],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2067,2068],{},"String summary = \"Station \" + station + \" has team \" + teamNumber;\n",[1115,2070,2071],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,2072,2073],{},"System.out.println(summary);\n",[1085,2075,2076],{},"Output:",[1106,2078,2082],{"className":2079,"code":2081,"language":1455},[2080],"language-text","Station R2 has team 1622\n",[1088,2083,2081],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1080,2085,2087,2088,1644,2090],{"id":2086},"step-7-compare-the-team-number-with-equals-not","Step 7: Compare the Team Number with ",[1088,2089,1320],{},[1088,2091,1316],{},[1106,2093,2095],{"className":1108,"code":2094,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"String expectedTeam = \"1622\";\nSystem.out.println(teamNumber == expectedTeam);       \u002F\u002F false — different objects, even though the text matches\nSystem.out.println(teamNumber.equals(expectedTeam));  \u002F\u002F true — same characters\n",[1088,2096,2097,2102,2107],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2098,2099],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2100,2101],{},"String expectedTeam = \"1622\";\n",[1115,2103,2104],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,2105,2106],{},"System.out.println(teamNumber == expectedTeam);       \u002F\u002F false — different objects, even though the text matches\n",[1115,2108,2109],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,2110,2111],{},"System.out.println(teamNumber.equals(expectedTeam));  \u002F\u002F true — same characters\n",[1085,2113,2114,2117,2118,2120,2121,2124,2125,1279,2128,2130,2131,2133,2134,1383],{},[1088,2115,2116],{},"teamNumber"," was built with ",[1088,2119,1239],{},", not a string literal, so it's a different object from the literal ",[1088,2122,2123],{},"expectedTeam"," even though both hold ",[1088,2126,2127],{},"\"1622\"",[1088,2129,1316],{}," compares object identity and gets it wrong here; ",[1088,2132,1320],{}," compares the actual characters and correctly reports ",[1088,2135,1451],{},[1080,2137,2139],{"id":2138},"step-8-the-immutability-pitfall","Step 8: The Immutability Pitfall",[1106,2141,2143],{"className":1108,"code":2142,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"summary.toUpperCase();                          \u002F\u002F does nothing useful — the result is thrown away\nString shoutedSummary = summary.toUpperCase();   \u002F\u002F this is how you actually keep it\nSystem.out.println(shoutedSummary);\n",[1088,2144,2145,2150,2155],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2146,2147],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2148,2149],{},"summary.toUpperCase();                          \u002F\u002F does nothing useful — the result is thrown away\n",[1115,2151,2152],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,2153,2154],{},"String shoutedSummary = summary.toUpperCase();   \u002F\u002F this is how you actually keep it\n",[1115,2156,2157],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,2158,2159],{},"System.out.println(shoutedSummary);\n",[1085,2161,2076],{},[1106,2163,2166],{"className":2164,"code":2165,"language":1455},[2080],"STATION R2 HAS TEAM 1622\n",[1088,2167,2165],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1085,2169,2170,2173,2174,2177,2178,2180],{},[1088,2171,2172],{},"summary"," itself never changed — ",[1088,2175,2176],{},"shoutedSummary"," is a brand-new ",[1088,2179,1090],{}," holding the uppercase version.",[1080,2182,2184],{"id":2183},"recap","Recap",[1692,2186,2187,2195,2205,2210,2218],{},[1695,2188,2189,2191,2192,2194],{},[1088,2190,1090],{}," is a class; ",[1088,2193,1088],{}," here was created with a string literal.",[1695,2196,2197,1178,2199,2201,2202,2204],{},[1088,2198,1783],{},[1088,2200,1780],{}," split the code into its two pieces; ",[1088,2203,1227],{}," checked that the team number wasn't empty.",[1695,2206,2207,2209],{},[1088,2208,1177],{}," concatenated the extracted pieces and literal text into one readable summary.",[1695,2211,2212,2214,2215,2217],{},[1088,2213,1320],{}," correctly compared the extracted team number to the expected value by content; ",[1088,2216,1316],{}," would have compared object identity instead.",[1695,2219,2220,2221,2224],{},"Strings are immutable — ",[1088,2222,2223],{},"toUpperCase()"," had to be reassigned to a variable to keep its result.",[1855,2226,1857],{},{"title":1111,"searchDepth":1124,"depth":1124,"links":2228},[2229,2230,2231,2233,2235,2237,2238,2239,2241,2242],{"id":1888,"depth":1124,"text":1889},{"id":1899,"depth":1124,"text":1900},{"id":1919,"depth":1124,"text":2232},"Step 2: Set Up the Class and main",{"id":1978,"depth":1124,"text":2234},"Step 3: Find the Dash with indexOf",{"id":1994,"depth":1124,"text":2236},"Step 4: Extract the Two Pieces with substring",{"id":2025,"depth":1124,"text":2026},{"id":2057,"depth":1124,"text":2058},{"id":2086,"depth":1124,"text":2240},"Step 7: Compare the Team Number with .equals(), Not ==",{"id":2138,"depth":1124,"text":2139},{"id":2183,"depth":1124,"text":2184},{"outlineRef":1874,"pairsWith":2244,"status":2245},"[`lessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings.md`](..\u002F..\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings.md)","new — authored worked example (fully solved, walked step by step — not a problem to attempt)",{"title":551,"description":1111},"W4W7aeNV4I0STLoU6HLEMyHRGLWlKR6Dl7Skmwr21wY",{"id":2249,"title":860,"body":2250,"description":1111,"extension":1872,"meta":2886,"navigation":1876,"path":859,"seo":2888,"stem":861,"__hash__":2889},"exercises\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings.md",{"type":1073,"value":2251,"toc":2881},[2252,2255,2259,2265,2274,2279,2308,2314,2347,2371,2375,2381,2384,2440,2445,2492,2556,2560,2566,2590,2593,2617,2625,2630,2666,2671,2794,2799,2843,2879],[1076,2253,860],{"id":2254},"strings-exercises",[1080,2256,2258],{"id":2257},"multiple-choice","Multiple Choice",[1085,2260,2261,2264],{},[1101,2262,2263],{},"Question:"," What does this line print?",[1106,2266,2268],{"className":1108,"code":2267,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"System.out.println(\"Cycle count: \" + 2 + 3);\n",[1088,2269,2270],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2271,2272],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2273,2267],{},[1085,2275,2276],{},[1101,2277,2278],{},"Options:",[1692,2280,2281,2287,2293,2299],{},[1695,2282,2283,2284],{},"A. ",[1088,2285,2286],{},"Cycle count: 23",[1695,2288,2289,2290],{},"B. ",[1088,2291,2292],{},"Cycle count: 5",[1695,2294,2295,2296],{},"C. ",[1088,2297,2298],{},"Cycle count: 2 3",[1695,2300,2301,2302,2304,2305],{},"D. It doesn't compile — you can't add a ",[1088,2303,1090],{}," and an ",[1088,2306,2307],{},"int",[1085,2309,2310,2313],{},[1101,2311,2312],{},"Answer:"," A",[1085,2315,2316,1718,2319,2321,2322,2325,2326,1718,2328,2331,2332,1718,2335,2338,2339,2342,2343,2346],{},[1101,2317,2318],{},"Why:",[1088,2320,1177],{}," is evaluated left to right. ",[1088,2323,2324],{},"\"Cycle count: \" + 2"," produces the ",[1088,2327,1090],{},[1088,2329,2330],{},"\"Cycle count: 2\""," first, and ",[1573,2333,2334],{},"then",[1088,2336,2337],{},"+ 3"," appends ",[1088,2340,2341],{},"\"3\""," to the end of that string — giving ",[1088,2344,2345],{},"\"Cycle count: 23\"",", not the sum of the numbers.",[1692,2348,2349,2359,2362],{},[1695,2350,2351,2352,2355,2356,2358],{},"B is wrong — that's what you'd get from ",[1088,2353,2354],{},"\"Cycle count: \" + (2 + 3)",", where parentheses force the addition to happen before either ",[1088,2357,1177],{}," touches the string.",[1695,2360,2361],{},"C is wrong — string concatenation never inserts a space on its own; only characters actually written into the string appear in the output.",[1695,2363,2364,2365,2367,2368,2370],{},"D is wrong — Java automatically converts a non-string operand to text whenever ",[1088,2366,1177],{}," is used with a ",[1088,2369,1090],{},", so this compiles and runs fine.",[1080,2372,2374],{"id":2373},"micro-parsons","Micro-Parsons",[1085,2376,2377,2380],{},[1101,2378,2379],{},"Problem:"," These lines, once correctly ordered, form a complete program that prints just the first letter of an alliance color.",[1085,2382,2383],{},"Reorder the fragments below into a working program:",[1692,2385,2386,2392,2398,2404,2410,2416,2422,2428,2434],{},[1695,2387,2388,2389],{},"a. ",[1088,2390,2391],{},"        System.out.println(\"Tag: \" + tag);",[1695,2393,2394,2395],{},"b. ",[1088,2396,2397],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)",[1695,2399,2400,2401],{},"c. ",[1088,2402,2403],{},"        String tag = alliance.substring(0, 1);",[1695,2405,2406,2407],{},"d. ",[1088,2408,2409],{},"{",[1695,2411,2412,2413],{},"e. ",[1088,2414,2415],{},"public class AllianceTag",[1695,2417,2418,2419],{},"f. ",[1088,2420,2421],{},"}",[1695,2423,2424,2425],{},"g. ",[1088,2426,2427],{},"    {",[1695,2429,2430,2431],{},"h. ",[1088,2432,2433],{},"        String alliance = \"Blue\";",[1695,2435,2436,2437],{},"i. ",[1088,2438,2439],{},"    }",[1085,2441,2442,2444],{},[1101,2443,2312],{}," e, d, b, g, h, c, a, i, f",[1106,2446,2448],{"className":1108,"code":2447,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"public class AllianceTag\n{\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        String alliance = \"Blue\";\n        String tag = alliance.substring(0, 1);\n        System.out.println(\"Tag: \" + tag);\n    }\n}\n",[1088,2449,2450,2455,2459,2463,2467,2472,2477,2482,2487],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2451,2452],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2453,2454],{},"public class AllianceTag\n",[1115,2456,2457],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,2458,1938],{},[1115,2460,2461],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,2462,1943],{},[1115,2464,2465],{"class":1117,"line":1359},[1115,2466,1948],{},[1115,2468,2469],{"class":1117,"line":1365},[1115,2470,2471],{},"        String alliance = \"Blue\";\n",[1115,2473,2474],{"class":1117,"line":1371},[1115,2475,2476],{},"        String tag = alliance.substring(0, 1);\n",[1115,2478,2479],{"class":1117,"line":1961},[1115,2480,2481],{},"        System.out.println(\"Tag: \" + tag);\n",[1115,2483,2485],{"class":1117,"line":2484},8,[1115,2486,1958],{},[1115,2488,2490],{"class":1117,"line":2489},9,[1115,2491,1964],{},[1085,2493,2494,2497,2498,2501,2502,2505,2506,2508,2509,2512,2513,2516,2517,1777,2519,2508,2522,2525,2526,2508,2529,2532,2533,2536,2537,2539,2540,2508,2543,2546,2547,2549,2550,2552,2553,1262],{},[1101,2495,2496],{},"Why this order:"," The class header (",[1088,2499,2500],{},"e",") and its opening brace (",[1088,2503,2504],{},"d",") come first, then ",[1088,2507,1923],{}," (",[1088,2510,2511],{},"b",") and its own opening brace (",[1088,2514,2515],{},"g","). Inside ",[1088,2518,1923],{},[1088,2520,2521],{},"alliance",[1088,2523,2524],{},"h",") has to be declared before ",[1088,2527,2528],{},"tag",[1088,2530,2531],{},"c",") can call ",[1088,2534,2535],{},".substring()"," on it, and ",[1088,2538,2528],{}," has to exist before the ",[1088,2541,2542],{},"println",[1088,2544,2545],{},"a",") that reads it. The braces close in reverse order of how they opened: ",[1088,2548,1923],{},"'s body closes (",[1088,2551,1382],{},") first, then the class's body closes (",[1088,2554,2555],{},"f",[1080,2557,2559],{"id":2558},"coding","Coding",[1085,2561,2562,2565],{},[1101,2563,2564],{},"Mode:"," harness",[1085,2567,2568,2570,2571,2574,2575,2578,2579,2582,2583,2585,2586,2589],{},[1101,2569,2379],{}," Autonomous routines are named like ",[1088,2572,2573],{},"\"BlueAlliance-Left\"",". Two names belong to the same ",[1101,2576,2577],{},"family"," when their\nfirst 4 characters match, ignoring upper\u002Flowercase. Write ",[1088,2580,2581],{},"sameFamily",", which returns ",[1088,2584,1451],{}," if the two\nnames are in the same family and ",[1088,2587,2588],{},"false"," otherwise. Every name has at least 4 characters.",[1085,2591,2592],{},"Examples:",[1692,2594,2595,2603,2610],{},[1695,2596,2597,2600,2601],{},[1088,2598,2599],{},"sameFamily(\"BlueAlliance-Left\", \"BlueAlliance-Right\")"," returns ",[1088,2602,1451],{},[1695,2604,2605,2600,2608],{},[1088,2606,2607],{},"sameFamily(\"BlueAlliance-Left\", \"RedAlliance-Left\")",[1088,2609,2588],{},[1695,2611,2612,2600,2615],{},[1088,2613,2614],{},"sameFamily(\"BLUE-Safe\", \"blue-Fast\")",[1088,2616,1451],{},[1085,2618,2619,1718,2622],{},[1101,2620,2621],{},"Signature:",[1088,2623,2624],{},"public static boolean sameFamily(String a, String b)",[1085,2626,2627],{},[1101,2628,2629],{},"Starter:",[1106,2631,2633],{"className":1108,"code":2632,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"public class Solution\n{\n    public static boolean sameFamily(String a, String b)\n    {\n        \u002F\u002F TODO: compare the first 4 characters of each name, ignoring case\n    }\n}\n",[1088,2634,2635,2640,2644,2649,2653,2658,2662],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2636,2637],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2638,2639],{},"public class Solution\n",[1115,2641,2642],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,2643,1938],{},[1115,2645,2646],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,2647,2648],{},"    public static boolean sameFamily(String a, String b)\n",[1115,2650,2651],{"class":1117,"line":1359},[1115,2652,1948],{},[1115,2654,2655],{"class":1117,"line":1365},[1115,2656,2657],{},"        \u002F\u002F TODO: compare the first 4 characters of each name, ignoring case\n",[1115,2659,2660],{"class":1117,"line":1371},[1115,2661,1958],{},[1115,2663,2664],{"class":1117,"line":1961},[1115,2665,1964],{},[1085,2667,2668],{},[1101,2669,2670],{},"Tests:",[1395,2672,2673,2686],{},[1398,2674,2675],{},[1401,2676,2677,2680,2683],{},[1404,2678,2679],{},"Visible",[1404,2681,2682],{},"Arguments",[1404,2684,2685],{},"Expected",[1411,2687,2688,2702,2715,2728,2742,2755,2768,2781],{},[1401,2689,2690,2693,2698],{},[1416,2691,2692],{},"yes",[1416,2694,2695],{},[1088,2696,2697],{},"\"BlueAlliance-Left\", \"BlueAlliance-Right\"",[1416,2699,2700],{},[1088,2701,1451],{},[1401,2703,2704,2706,2711],{},[1416,2705,2692],{},[1416,2707,2708],{},[1088,2709,2710],{},"\"BlueAlliance-Left\", \"RedAlliance-Left\"",[1416,2712,2713],{},[1088,2714,2588],{},[1401,2716,2717,2719,2724],{},[1416,2718,2692],{},[1416,2720,2721],{},[1088,2722,2723],{},"\"BLUE-Safe\", \"blue-Fast\"",[1416,2725,2726],{},[1088,2727,1451],{},[1401,2729,2730,2733,2738],{},[1416,2731,2732],{},"no",[1416,2734,2735],{},[1088,2736,2737],{},"\"Blue1\", \"Blue2\"",[1416,2739,2740],{},[1088,2741,1451],{},[1401,2743,2744,2746,2751],{},[1416,2745,2732],{},[1416,2747,2748],{},[1088,2749,2750],{},"\"Redx-Left\", \"Redy-Left\"",[1416,2752,2753],{},[1088,2754,2588],{},[1401,2756,2757,2759,2764],{},[1416,2758,2732],{},[1416,2760,2761],{},[1088,2762,2763],{},"\"Auto\", \"Auto\"",[1416,2765,2766],{},[1088,2767,1451],{},[1401,2769,2770,2772,2777],{},[1416,2771,2732],{},[1416,2773,2774],{},[1088,2775,2776],{},"\"Left-Auto\", \"Lift-Auto\"",[1416,2778,2779],{},[1088,2780,2588],{},[1401,2782,2783,2785,2790],{},[1416,2784,2732],{},[1416,2786,2787],{},[1088,2788,2789],{},"new String(\"Blue-A\"), new String(\"Blue-B\")",[1416,2791,2792],{},[1088,2793,1451],{},[1085,2795,2796],{},[1101,2797,2798],{},"Solution:",[1106,2800,2802],{"className":1108,"code":2801,"language":1110,"meta":1111,"style":1111},"public class Solution\n{\n    public static boolean sameFamily(String a, String b)\n    {\n        String firstA = a.substring(0, 4);\n        String firstB = b.substring(0, 4);\n        return firstA.equalsIgnoreCase(firstB);\n    }\n}\n",[1088,2803,2804,2808,2812,2816,2820,2825,2830,2835,2839],{"__ignoreMap":1111},[1115,2805,2806],{"class":1117,"line":1118},[1115,2807,2639],{},[1115,2809,2810],{"class":1117,"line":1124},[1115,2811,1938],{},[1115,2813,2814],{"class":1117,"line":1165},[1115,2815,2648],{},[1115,2817,2818],{"class":1117,"line":1359},[1115,2819,1948],{},[1115,2821,2822],{"class":1117,"line":1365},[1115,2823,2824],{},"        String firstA = a.substring(0, 4);\n",[1115,2826,2827],{"class":1117,"line":1371},[1115,2828,2829],{},"        String firstB = b.substring(0, 4);\n",[1115,2831,2832],{"class":1117,"line":1961},[1115,2833,2834],{},"        return firstA.equalsIgnoreCase(firstB);\n",[1115,2836,2837],{"class":1117,"line":2484},[1115,2838,1958],{},[1115,2840,2841],{"class":1117,"line":2489},[1115,2842,1964],{},[1085,2844,2845,1718,2847,2849,2850,2852,2853,2856,2857,1178,2860,2863,2864,2866,2867,2869,2870,2872,2873,2875,2876,2878],{},[1101,2846,2318],{},[1088,2848,1745],{}," gives the first 4 characters (indices 0-3), because the ",[1088,2851,1737],{}," index is exclusive. Using\n",[1088,2854,2855],{},"substring(0, 3)"," is the classic off-by-one and wrongly makes ",[1088,2858,2859],{},"\"Redx\"",[1088,2861,2862],{},"\"Redy\""," match. The two substrings are\nnew ",[1088,2865,1090],{}," objects, so ",[1088,2868,1316],{}," would compare the objects, not the text, and always say ",[1088,2871,2588],{},". Use\n",[1088,2874,1807],{}," (or ",[1088,2877,1320],{}," after lowercasing) to compare the characters.",[1855,2880,1857],{},{"title":1111,"searchDepth":1124,"depth":1124,"links":2882},[2883,2884,2885],{"id":2257,"depth":1124,"text":2258},{"id":2373,"depth":1124,"text":2374},{"id":2558,"depth":1124,"text":2559},{"outlineRef":1874,"pairsWith":2244,"status":2887},"new — authored exercises (Multiple Choice + Micro-Parsons + Coding)",{"title":860,"description":1111},"QmOM2xjg8ik85P01SJqIiOZr7IrCxlDxSjHV5y-7Axg",1792718164820]