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FRC?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.1-why-java-for-frc",{"path":9,"title":10,"stem":11},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":13,"title":14,"stem":15},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":17,"title":18,"stem":19},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":21,"title":22,"stem":23},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":25,"title":26,"stem":27},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":29,"title":30,"stem":31},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":33,"title":34,"stem":35},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":37,"title":38,"stem":39},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":41,"title":42,"stem":43},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":45,"title":46,"stem":47},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":49,"title":50,"stem":51},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":53,"title":54,"stem":55},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":57,"title":58,"stem":59},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":61,"title":62,"stem":63},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":65,"title":66,"stem":67},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":69,"title":70,"stem":71},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","Control Structures: if Statements & For Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":73,"title":74,"stem":75},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":77,"title":78,"stem":79},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":81,"title":82,"stem":83},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":85,"title":86,"stem":87},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":89,"title":90,"stem":91},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":93,"title":94,"stem":95},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":97,"title":98,"stem":99},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":101,"title":102,"stem":103},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":105,"title":106,"stem":107},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":109,"title":110,"stem":111},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":113,"title":114,"stem":115},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":117,"title":118,"stem":119},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":121,"title":122,"stem":123},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","The Class Blueprint","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":125,"title":126,"stem":127},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":129,"title":130,"stem":131},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":133,"title":134,"stem":135},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":137,"title":138,"stem":139},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\"","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":141,"title":142,"stem":143},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":145,"title":146,"stem":147},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":149,"title":150,"stem":151},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":153,"title":154,"stem":155},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":157,"title":158,"stem":159},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":161,"title":162,"stem":163},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":165,"title":166,"stem":167},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":169,"title":170,"stem":171},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":173,"title":174,"stem":175},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":177,"title":178,"stem":179},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":181,"title":182,"stem":183},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":185,"title":186,"stem":187},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":189,"title":190,"stem":191},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":193,"title":194,"stem":195},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":197,"title":198,"stem":199},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":201,"title":202,"stem":203},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":205,"title":206,"stem":207},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":209,"title":210,"stem":211},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":213,"title":214,"stem":215},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":217,"title":218,"stem":219},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":221,"title":222,"stem":223},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":225,"title":226,"stem":227},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":229,"title":230,"stem":231},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":233,"title":234,"stem":235},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":237,"title":238,"stem":239},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":241,"title":242,"stem":243},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":245,"title":246,"stem":247},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":249,"title":250,"stem":251},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":253,"title":254,"stem":255},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":257,"title":258,"stem":259},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":261,"title":262,"stem":263},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":265,"title":266,"stem":267},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":269,"title":270,"stem":271},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":273,"title":274,"stem":275},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":277,"title":278,"stem":279},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":281,"title":282,"stem":283},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":285,"title":286,"stem":287},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":289,"title":290,"stem":291},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":293,"title":294,"stem":295},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":297,"title":298,"stem":299},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":301,"title":302,"stem":303},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":305,"title":306,"stem":307},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":309,"title":310,"stem":311},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":313,"title":314,"stem":315},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":317,"title":318,"stem":319},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":321,"title":322,"stem":323},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"path":325,"title":326,"stem":327},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F1-coming-soon","Git & GitHub Basics — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F29.1-coming-soon",{"path":329,"title":330,"stem":331},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F1-coming-soon","Git — History & Merging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F30.1-coming-soon",{"path":333,"title":334,"stem":335},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F1-coming-soon","Dev Environment & Tooling — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F31.1-coming-soon",{"path":337,"title":338,"stem":339},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F1-coming-soon","Unit Testing — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F32.1-coming-soon",{"path":341,"title":342,"stem":343},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageKit — AutoLogging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F33.1-coming-soon",{"path":345,"title":346,"stem":347},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F1-coming-soon","Log Replay — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F34.1-coming-soon",{"path":349,"title":350,"stem":351},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope I: Visualization — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F35.1-coming-soon",{"path":353,"title":354,"stem":355},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope II: Custom 3D Assets — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F36.1-coming-soon",{"path":357,"title":358,"stem":359},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F37.1-coming-soon",{"path":361,"title":362,"stem":363},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous II: PathPlanner & Trajectories — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F38.1-coming-soon",{"path":365,"title":366,"stem":367},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Control Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F39.1-coming-soon",{"path":369,"title":370,"stem":371},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F1-coming-soon","Motion Profiles — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F40.1-coming-soon",{"path":373,"title":374,"stem":375},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Hardware Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F41.1-coming-soon",{"path":377,"title":378,"stem":379},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F1-coming-soon","PhotonVision — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F42.1-coming-soon",{"path":381,"title":382,"stem":383},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F1-coming-soon","AprilTags & Pose — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F43.1-coming-soon",{"path":385,"title":386,"stem":387},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F44.1-coming-soon",{"path":389,"title":390,"stem":391},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems II — Advanced — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F45.1-coming-soon",{"path":393,"title":394,"stem":395},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Team Utilities I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F46.1-coming-soon",{"path":397,"title":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F1-coming-soon","Field Constants — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F47.1-coming-soon",{"path":401,"title":402,"stem":403},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting I — Runtime Debug — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F48.1-coming-soon",{"path":405,"title":406,"stem":407},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting II: CAN & Sim — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F49.1-coming-soon",{"path":409,"title":410,"stem":411},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Libraries: TalonFX — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F50.1-coming-soon",{"path":413,"title":414,"stem":415},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F1-coming-soon","Robot Alerts — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F51.1-coming-soon",{"path":417,"title":418,"stem":419},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Commands — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F52.1-coming-soon",{"path":421,"title":422,"stem":423},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Geometry — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F53.1-coming-soon",{"path":425,"title":426,"stem":427},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F1-coming-soon","NetworkTables — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F54.1-coming-soon",{"path":429,"title":430,"stem":431},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F1-coming-soon","Command Scheduler — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F55.1-coming-soon",{"path":433,"title":434,"stem":435},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Timers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F56.1-coming-soon",{"path":437,"title":438,"stem":439},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Triggers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F57.1-coming-soon",{"path":441,"title":442,"stem":443},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Units & Conversions — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F58.1-coming-soon",[445,449,453,457,461,465,469,473,477,481,485,489,493,497,501,505,509,513,517,521,525,529,533,537,541,545,549,553,557,561,565,569,573,577,581,585,589,593,597,601,605,609,613,617,621,625,629,633,637,641,645,649,653,657,661,665,669,673,677,681,685,689,693,697,701,705,709,713,717,721,725,729,733,737,741,745,749],{"path":446,"title":447,"stem":448},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":450,"title":451,"stem":452},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":454,"title":455,"stem":456},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":458,"title":459,"stem":460},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":462,"title":463,"stem":464},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":466,"title":467,"stem":468},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":470,"title":471,"stem":472},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":474,"title":475,"stem":476},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":478,"title":479,"stem":480},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":482,"title":483,"stem":484},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":486,"title":487,"stem":488},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":490,"title":491,"stem":492},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":494,"title":495,"stem":496},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":498,"title":499,"stem":500},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":502,"title":503,"stem":504},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":506,"title":507,"stem":508},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":510,"title":511,"stem":512},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":514,"title":515,"stem":516},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":518,"title":519,"stem":520},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":522,"title":523,"stem":524},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":526,"title":527,"stem":528},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":530,"title":531,"stem":532},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":534,"title":535,"stem":536},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":538,"title":539,"stem":540},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":542,"title":543,"stem":544},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":546,"title":547,"stem":548},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":550,"title":551,"stem":552},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":554,"title":555,"stem":556},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":558,"title":559,"stem":560},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":562,"title":563,"stem":564},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":566,"title":567,"stem":568},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":570,"title":571,"stem":572},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":574,"title":575,"stem":576},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":578,"title":579,"stem":580},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":582,"title":583,"stem":584},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":586,"title":587,"stem":588},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":590,"title":591,"stem":592},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":594,"title":595,"stem":596},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":598,"title":599,"stem":600},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":602,"title":603,"stem":604},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":606,"title":607,"stem":608},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":610,"title":611,"stem":612},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":614,"title":615,"stem":616},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":618,"title":619,"stem":620},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":622,"title":623,"stem":624},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":626,"title":627,"stem":628},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":630,"title":631,"stem":632},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":634,"title":635,"stem":636},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":638,"title":639,"stem":640},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":642,"title":643,"stem":644},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":646,"title":647,"stem":648},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":650,"title":651,"stem":652},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":654,"title":655,"stem":656},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":658,"title":659,"stem":660},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":662,"title":663,"stem":664},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":666,"title":667,"stem":668},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":670,"title":671,"stem":672},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":674,"title":675,"stem":676},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":678,"title":679,"stem":680},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":682,"title":683,"stem":684},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":686,"title":687,"stem":688},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":690,"title":691,"stem":692},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":694,"title":695,"stem":696},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":698,"title":699,"stem":700},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":702,"title":703,"stem":704},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming? — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":706,"title":707,"stem":708},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":710,"title":711,"stem":712},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":714,"title":715,"stem":716},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":718,"title":719,"stem":720},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":722,"title":723,"stem":724},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":726,"title":727,"stem":728},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":730,"title":731,"stem":732},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":734,"title":735,"stem":736},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":738,"title":739,"stem":740},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":742,"title":743,"stem":744},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":746,"title":747,"stem":748},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":750,"title":751,"stem":752},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",[754,758,762,766,770,774,778,782,786,790,794,798,802,806,810,814,818,822,826,830,834,838,842,846,850,854,858,862,866,870,874,878,882,886,890,894,898,902,906,910,914,918,922,926,930,934,938,942,946,950,954,958,962,966,970,974,978,982,986,990,994,998,1002,1006,1010,1014,1018,1022,1026,1030,1034,1038,1042,1046,1050,1054,1058,1062,1066],{"path":755,"title":756,"stem":757},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":759,"title":760,"stem":761},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":763,"title":764,"stem":765},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":767,"title":768,"stem":769},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":771,"title":772,"stem":773},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":775,"title":776,"stem":777},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":779,"title":780,"stem":781},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":783,"title":784,"stem":785},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":787,"title":788,"stem":789},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":791,"title":792,"stem":793},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":795,"title":796,"stem":797},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":799,"title":800,"stem":801},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":803,"title":804,"stem":805},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":807,"title":808,"stem":809},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":811,"title":812,"stem":813},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":815,"title":816,"stem":817},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":819,"title":820,"stem":821},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":823,"title":824,"stem":825},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":827,"title":828,"stem":829},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":831,"title":832,"stem":833},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":835,"title":836,"stem":837},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":839,"title":840,"stem":841},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":843,"title":844,"stem":845},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":847,"title":848,"stem":849},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":851,"title":852,"stem":853},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":855,"title":856,"stem":857},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":859,"title":860,"stem":861},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":863,"title":864,"stem":865},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":867,"title":868,"stem":869},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":871,"title":872,"stem":873},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":875,"title":876,"stem":877},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":879,"title":880,"stem":881},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":883,"title":884,"stem":885},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":887,"title":888,"stem":889},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":891,"title":892,"stem":893},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":895,"title":896,"stem":897},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":899,"title":900,"stem":901},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":903,"title":904,"stem":905},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":907,"title":908,"stem":909},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":911,"title":912,"stem":913},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":915,"title":916,"stem":917},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":919,"title":920,"stem":921},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":923,"title":924,"stem":925},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":927,"title":928,"stem":929},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":931,"title":932,"stem":933},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":935,"title":936,"stem":937},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":939,"title":940,"stem":941},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":943,"title":944,"stem":945},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns? — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":947,"title":948,"stem":949},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":951,"title":952,"stem":953},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":955,"title":956,"stem":957},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":959,"title":960,"stem":961},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":963,"title":964,"stem":965},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":967,"title":968,"stem":969},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":971,"title":972,"stem":973},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":975,"title":976,"stem":977},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":979,"title":980,"stem":981},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":983,"title":984,"stem":985},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":987,"title":988,"stem":989},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":991,"title":992,"stem":993},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":995,"title":996,"stem":997},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":999,"title":1000,"stem":1001},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":1003,"title":1004,"stem":1005},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":1007,"title":1008,"stem":1009},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":1011,"title":1012,"stem":1013},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":1015,"title":1016,"stem":1017},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming? — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":1019,"title":1020,"stem":1021},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":1023,"title":1024,"stem":1025},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":1027,"title":1028,"stem":1029},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":1031,"title":1032,"stem":1033},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":1035,"title":1036,"stem":1037},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":1039,"title":1040,"stem":1041},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":1043,"title":1044,"stem":1045},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":1047,"title":1048,"stem":1049},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":1051,"title":1052,"stem":1053},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":1055,"title":1056,"stem":1057},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":1059,"title":1060,"stem":1061},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":1063,"title":1064,"stem":1065},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":1067,"title":1068,"stem":1069},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"id":1071,"title":186,"body":1072,"description":1104,"extension":1676,"meta":1677,"navigation":1138,"path":185,"seo":1680,"stem":187,"__hash__":1681},"lessons\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices.md",{"type":1073,"value":1074,"toc":1664},"minimark",[1075,1079,1084,1098,1152,1159,1163,1177,1210,1228,1232,1235,1321,1358,1361,1370,1377,1383,1406,1410,1428,1463,1497,1501,1517,1521,1531,1535,1585,1589,1645,1660],[1076,1077,186],"h1",{"id":1078},"enums-named-choices",[1080,1081,1083],"h2",{"id":1082},"why-enums-exist","Why Enums Exist",[1085,1086,1087,1088,1092,1093,1097],"p",{},"An ",[1089,1090,1091],"strong",{},"enum"," (\"enumerated type\") is a type with a fixed, predefined set of named values — a variable of that type can only ever be one of those values, nothing else. Before enums, code often used plain integers or strings to represent a fixed set of states (",[1094,1095,1096],"code",{},"int armState = 2;","), which lets any number in — including ones that mean nothing. An enum makes invalid states impossible to even compile:",[1099,1100,1105],"pre",{"className":1101,"code":1102,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","public enum ArmPosition\n{\n    STOWED, INTAKE, SCORE\n}\n\nArmPosition target = ArmPosition.INTAKE; \u002F\u002F legal\nArmPosition target2 = ArmPosition.CLIMB; \u002F\u002F compile error — CLIMB was never defined\n","java","",[1094,1106,1107,1115,1121,1127,1133,1140,1146],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1109,1112],"span",{"class":1110,"line":1111},"line",1,[1108,1113,1114],{},"public enum ArmPosition\n",[1108,1116,1118],{"class":1110,"line":1117},2,[1108,1119,1120],{},"{\n",[1108,1122,1124],{"class":1110,"line":1123},3,[1108,1125,1126],{},"    STOWED, INTAKE, SCORE\n",[1108,1128,1130],{"class":1110,"line":1129},4,[1108,1131,1132],{},"}\n",[1108,1134,1136],{"class":1110,"line":1135},5,[1108,1137,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},true,"\n",[1108,1141,1143],{"class":1110,"line":1142},6,[1108,1144,1145],{},"ArmPosition target = ArmPosition.INTAKE; \u002F\u002F legal\n",[1108,1147,1149],{"class":1110,"line":1148},7,[1108,1150,1151],{},"ArmPosition target2 = ArmPosition.CLIMB; \u002F\u002F compile error — CLIMB was never defined\n",[1085,1153,1154,1155,1158],{},"By convention, enum constants are written in ",[1094,1156,1157],{},"SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE",", the same naming style used for other constants (Lesson 1.2).",[1080,1160,1162],{"id":1161},"switching-over-an-enum","Switching Over an Enum",[1085,1164,1165,1166,1169,1170,1173,1174,1176],{},"Lesson 5.12 covers ",[1094,1167,1168],{},"switch"," itself — arrow form, colon form, ",[1094,1171,1172],{},"break",", and switch expressions. Enums are where ",[1094,1175,1168],{}," is most at home, because the compiler already knows every possible value:",[1099,1178,1180],{"className":1101,"code":1179,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"switch (target)\n{\n    case STOWED -> arm.setAngle(0);\n    case INTAKE -> arm.setAngle(35);\n    case SCORE  -> arm.setAngle(110);\n}\n",[1094,1181,1182,1187,1191,1196,1201,1206],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1183,1184],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1185,1186],{},"switch (target)\n",[1108,1188,1189],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,1190,1120],{},[1108,1192,1193],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,1194,1195],{},"    case STOWED -> arm.setAngle(0);\n",[1108,1197,1198],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,1199,1200],{},"    case INTAKE -> arm.setAngle(35);\n",[1108,1202,1203],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,1204,1205],{},"    case SCORE  -> arm.setAngle(110);\n",[1108,1207,1208],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,1209,1132],{},[1085,1211,1212,1213,1216,1217,1220,1221,1224,1225,1227],{},"Notice the case labels are just ",[1094,1214,1215],{},"STOWED",", not ",[1094,1218,1219],{},"ArmPosition.STOWED"," — inside a switch over an ",[1094,1222,1223],{},"ArmPosition",", Java already knows the type, so the prefix is optional and redundant; leave it off. (On Java 17–20, writing the qualified ",[1094,1226,1219],{}," form is a compile error; Java 21+ allows it but this course still leaves it off for readability.)",[1080,1229,1231],{"id":1230},"an-enum-is-really-a-class","An Enum Is Really a Class",[1085,1233,1234],{},"An enum isn't just a fancier set of named integers — it's a full class. Its body can declare fields, a constructor, and methods, letting each constant carry its own data:",[1099,1236,1238],{"className":1101,"code":1237,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"public enum ArmPosition\n{\n    STOWED(0), INTAKE(35), SCORE(110); \u002F\u002F constants, WITH constructor arguments\n\n    private final double angleDegrees;\n\n    ArmPosition(double angleDegrees)\n    {\n        this.angleDegrees = angleDegrees;\n    }\n\n    public double getAngleDegrees()\n    {\n        return angleDegrees;\n    }\n}\n",[1094,1239,1240,1244,1248,1253,1257,1262,1266,1271,1277,1283,1289,1294,1300,1305,1311,1316],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1241,1242],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1243,1114],{},[1108,1245,1246],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,1247,1120],{},[1108,1249,1250],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,1251,1252],{},"    STOWED(0), INTAKE(35), SCORE(110); \u002F\u002F constants, WITH constructor arguments\n",[1108,1254,1255],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,1256,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,1258,1259],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,1260,1261],{},"    private final double angleDegrees;\n",[1108,1263,1264],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,1265,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,1267,1268],{"class":1110,"line":1148},[1108,1269,1270],{},"    ArmPosition(double angleDegrees)\n",[1108,1272,1274],{"class":1110,"line":1273},8,[1108,1275,1276],{},"    {\n",[1108,1278,1280],{"class":1110,"line":1279},9,[1108,1281,1282],{},"        this.angleDegrees = angleDegrees;\n",[1108,1284,1286],{"class":1110,"line":1285},10,[1108,1287,1288],{},"    }\n",[1108,1290,1292],{"class":1110,"line":1291},11,[1108,1293,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,1295,1297],{"class":1110,"line":1296},12,[1108,1298,1299],{},"    public double getAngleDegrees()\n",[1108,1301,1303],{"class":1110,"line":1302},13,[1108,1304,1276],{},[1108,1306,1308],{"class":1110,"line":1307},14,[1108,1309,1310],{},"        return angleDegrees;\n",[1108,1312,1314],{"class":1110,"line":1313},15,[1108,1315,1288],{},[1108,1317,1319],{"class":1110,"line":1318},16,[1108,1320,1132],{},[1085,1322,1323,1324,1327,1328,1331,1332,1331,1335,1338,1339,1342,1343,1346,1347,1349,1350,1353,1354,1357],{},"Two rules this pattern depends on: the list of constants must come ",[1089,1325,1326],{},"first"," in the enum body, and once there are fields or methods after it, that constant list must end with a semicolon. Each constant listed (",[1094,1329,1330],{},"STOWED(0)",", ",[1094,1333,1334],{},"INTAKE(35)",[1094,1336,1337],{},"SCORE(110)",") calls the constructor with its own arguments — an enum's constructor is implicitly ",[1094,1340,1341],{},"private",", since you're never allowed to write ",[1094,1344,1345],{},"new ArmPosition(...)"," yourself; the only ",[1094,1348,1223],{}," objects that will ever exist are the ones listed in the enum body. Writing ",[1094,1351,1352],{},"public"," (or ",[1094,1355,1356],{},"protected",") on an enum constructor is a compile error (\"modifier public not allowed here\") — leave the modifier off entirely.",[1085,1359,1360],{},"With this version, the earlier switch could be simplified — every position now carries its own target angle:",[1099,1362,1364],{"className":1101,"code":1363,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"arm.setAngle(target.getAngleDegrees());\n",[1094,1365,1366],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1367,1368],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1369,1363],{},[1080,1371,1373,1374],{"id":1372},"iterating-every-value-values","Iterating Every Value: ",[1094,1375,1376],{},"values()",[1085,1378,1379,1380,1382],{},"Every enum automatically gets a static ",[1094,1381,1376],{}," method, returning an array of all its constants in declared order — handy for looping over every possibility:",[1099,1384,1386],{"className":1101,"code":1385,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"for (ArmPosition position : ArmPosition.values())\n{\n    System.out.println(position + \" -> \" + position.getAngleDegrees() + \" degrees\");\n}\n",[1094,1387,1388,1393,1397,1402],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1389,1390],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1391,1392],{},"for (ArmPosition position : ArmPosition.values())\n",[1108,1394,1395],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,1396,1120],{},[1108,1398,1399],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,1400,1401],{},"    System.out.println(position + \" -> \" + position.getAngleDegrees() + \" degrees\");\n",[1108,1403,1404],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,1405,1132],{},[1080,1407,1409],{"id":1408},"built-in-methods-every-enum-gets","Built-In Methods Every Enum Gets",[1085,1411,1412,1413,1415,1416,1419,1420,1423,1424,1427],{},"Besides ",[1094,1414,1376],{},", every enum constant automatically has a few more methods, inherited from ",[1094,1417,1418],{},"java.lang.Enum"," (inheritance and ",[1094,1421,1422],{},"extends"," are covered in Ch.17; interfaces and ",[1094,1425,1426],{},"implements"," in Ch.19 — you don't need those chapters to use these methods):",[1099,1429,1431],{"className":1101,"code":1430,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"ArmPosition p = ArmPosition.INTAKE;\nSystem.out.println(p.name());     \u002F\u002F \"INTAKE\" — the constant's exact declared name\nSystem.out.println(p.ordinal());  \u002F\u002F 1 — its position in the declared order, 0-indexed\nSystem.out.println(p);            \u002F\u002F \"INTAKE\" — toString() defaults to name()\n\u002F\u002F text -> constant; throws IllegalArgumentException if no match\nArmPosition parsed = ArmPosition.valueOf(\"SCORE\");\n",[1094,1432,1433,1438,1443,1448,1453,1458],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1434,1435],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1436,1437],{},"ArmPosition p = ArmPosition.INTAKE;\n",[1108,1439,1440],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,1441,1442],{},"System.out.println(p.name());     \u002F\u002F \"INTAKE\" — the constant's exact declared name\n",[1108,1444,1445],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,1446,1447],{},"System.out.println(p.ordinal());  \u002F\u002F 1 — its position in the declared order, 0-indexed\n",[1108,1449,1450],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,1451,1452],{},"System.out.println(p);            \u002F\u002F \"INTAKE\" — toString() defaults to name()\n",[1108,1454,1455],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,1456,1457],{},"\u002F\u002F text -> constant; throws IllegalArgumentException if no match\n",[1108,1459,1460],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,1461,1462],{},"ArmPosition parsed = ArmPosition.valueOf(\"SCORE\");\n",[1085,1464,1465,1466,1469,1470,1473,1474,1476,1477,1479,1480,1483,1484,1487,1488,1490,1491,1493,1494,1496],{},"Comparing two enum values with ",[1094,1467,1468],{},"=="," is safe and preferred (unlike ",[1094,1471,1472],{},"String",", where ",[1094,1475,1468],{}," is a pitfall) — there is only ever one object per constant, so ",[1094,1478,1468],{}," and ",[1094,1481,1482],{},".equals()"," always agree. An enum variable can still be ",[1094,1485,1486],{},"null"," (it's a reference type), so a ",[1094,1489,1168],{}," or ",[1094,1492,1468],{}," check on an unassigned enum variable can still throw or misbehave like any other ",[1094,1495,1486],{}," reference.",[1080,1498,1500],{"id":1499},"what-enums-cant-do","What Enums Can't Do",[1085,1502,1503,1504,1506,1507,1509,1510,1512,1513,1516],{},"Every enum implicitly extends ",[1094,1505,1418],{}," behind the scenes. Since Java only allows extending one parent class, an enum can never ",[1094,1508,1422],{}," anything else of its own (Ch.17 covers ",[1094,1511,1422],{}," in full) — though it can still ",[1094,1514,1515],{},"implement"," interfaces (Ch.19).",[1080,1518,1520],{"id":1519},"looking-ahead","Looking Ahead",[1085,1522,1523,1524,1526,1527,1530],{},"This chapter's ideas — a fixed set of named states, plus a ",[1094,1525,1168],{}," that reacts to whichever one is currently active — are exactly the foundation the ",[1089,1528,1529],{},"State Machine"," pattern (Java II) builds on, where a subsystem tracks \"which named state am I in right now\" and transitions between them over time.",[1080,1532,1534],{"id":1533},"common-pitfalls","Common Pitfalls",[1536,1537,1538,1556,1573],"ul",{},[1539,1540,1541,1547,1548,1551,1552,1555],"li",{},[1089,1542,1543,1544,1546],{},"Writing the enum type prefix inside a ",[1094,1545,1168],{},"."," ",[1094,1549,1550],{},"case ArmPosition.INTAKE ->"," is optional and redundant — just ",[1094,1553,1554],{},"case INTAKE ->",". (On Java 17–20 the qualified form is a compile error.)",[1539,1557,1558,1547,1561,1564,1565,1568,1569,1572],{},[1089,1559,1560],{},"Forgetting the semicolon after the constant list once fields\u002Fmethods follow.",[1094,1562,1563],{},"STOWED(0), INTAKE(35), SCORE(110)"," with no trailing ",[1094,1566,1567],{},";"," before ",[1094,1570,1571],{},"private final double angleDegrees;"," fails to compile.",[1539,1574,1575,1547,1582,1584],{},[1089,1576,1577,1578,1581],{},"Trying to ",[1094,1579,1580],{},"new"," an enum constant.",[1094,1583,1345],{}," is illegal — the only instances that will ever exist are the constants declared in the enum body itself.",[1080,1586,1588],{"id":1587},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[1536,1590,1591,1594,1606,1609,1629,1639],{},[1539,1592,1593],{},"An enum defines a fixed, named set of legal values for a type — the compiler rejects anything not in that list.",[1539,1595,1596,1597,1599,1600,1602,1603,1546],{},"Enum constant names use ",[1094,1598,1157],{},"; a ",[1094,1601,1168],{}," over an enum omits the type prefix on each ",[1094,1604,1605],{},"case",[1539,1607,1608],{},"An enum is a real class — it can have its own fields, a constructor, and methods, letting each constant carry its own data.",[1539,1610,1611,1614,1615,1331,1618,1331,1621,1624,1625,1628],{},[1094,1612,1613],{},"EnumType.values()"," returns every constant, in order, for looping; ",[1094,1616,1617],{},"name()",[1094,1619,1620],{},"ordinal()",[1094,1622,1623],{},"toString()",", and ",[1094,1626,1627],{},"valueOf(String)"," are also built in.",[1539,1630,1631,1633,1634,1636,1637,1546],{},[1094,1632,1468],{}," is safe (and preferred) for comparing enum values — unlike ",[1094,1635,1472],{},". An enum variable can still be ",[1094,1638,1486],{},[1539,1640,1641,1642,1644],{},"An enum implicitly extends ",[1094,1643,1418],{},", so it can't extend any other class (interfaces are still fine).",[1085,1646,1647,1648,1651,1652,1655,1656,1659],{},"Derived from ",[1094,1649,1650],{},"other-reference-repo",": ",[1094,1653,1654],{},"oracle-java-tutorials\u002Fenums\u002Fenum-types.md"," (ORACLE 10.1)\n",[1089,1657,1658],{},"Deck context:"," mechacoder-test\u002Fsrc\u002Flessons\u002Fjava-1.js, slide 9 (\"Enums: Named Choices\")",[1661,1662,1663],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":1104,"searchDepth":1117,"depth":1117,"links":1665},[1666,1667,1668,1669,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675],{"id":1082,"depth":1117,"text":1083},{"id":1161,"depth":1117,"text":1162},{"id":1230,"depth":1117,"text":1231},{"id":1372,"depth":1117,"text":1670},"Iterating Every Value: values()",{"id":1408,"depth":1117,"text":1409},{"id":1499,"depth":1117,"text":1500},{"id":1519,"depth":1117,"text":1520},{"id":1533,"depth":1117,"text":1534},{"id":1587,"depth":1117,"text":1588},"md",{"outlineRef":1678,"status":1679},"11 — Enums: Named Choices (ORACLE 10.1)","new — authored lesson (fuller depth than the teaser slide)",{"title":186,"description":1104},"ZfhzXBstaAJawaJgAyBe0EwJnN0lE9ERrGfJa5bJ_XU",{"id":1683,"title":623,"body":1684,"description":1104,"extension":1676,"meta":2197,"navigation":1138,"path":622,"seo":2200,"stem":624,"__hash__":2201},"examples\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices.md",{"type":1073,"value":1685,"toc":2186},[1686,1689,1693,1696,1700,1720,1724,1751,1774,1777,1792,1798,1804,1823,1893,1896,1904,1928,1932,1950,2025,2028,2072,2078,2093,2099,2105,2111,2134,2140,2154,2158,2184],[1076,1687,623],{"id":1688},"enums-named-choices-worked-example",[1080,1690,1692],{"id":1691},"problem","Problem",[1085,1694,1695],{},"The intake on this year's robot only ever does one of three things: it's off, it's pulling a game piece in, or it's spitting one back out. Represent those three modes so that no other mode can ever be typed by mistake, print a message for whichever mode is active, then give each mode its own motor power and print every mode's power in a list.",[1080,1697,1699],{"id":1698},"step-1-plan-it-first","Step 1: Plan It First",[1701,1702,1703,1706,1711,1714],"ol",{},[1539,1704,1705],{},"Define a type whose only legal values are the three intake modes.",[1539,1707,1708,1709,1546],{},"React to the current mode with a ",[1094,1710,1168],{},[1539,1712,1713],{},"Let each mode carry its own motor power (a field, a constructor, and a getter).",[1539,1715,1716,1717,1719],{},"Loop over every mode with ",[1094,1718,1376],{}," to print them all.",[1080,1721,1723],{"id":1722},"step-2-define-the-enum","Step 2: Define the Enum",[1085,1725,1726,1727,1730,1731,1734,1735,1738,1739,1742,1743,1746,1747,1750],{},"Using an ",[1094,1728,1729],{},"int"," (",[1094,1732,1733],{},"0"," = off, ",[1094,1736,1737],{},"1"," = intake, ",[1094,1740,1741],{},"2"," = eject) would let any number in, including ",[1094,1744,1745],{},"7",", which means nothing. An enum only allows the values it lists. It goes in its own file, ",[1094,1748,1749],{},"IntakeMode.java",":",[1099,1752,1754],{"className":1101,"code":1753,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"public enum IntakeMode\n{\n    OFF, INTAKE, EJECT\n}\n",[1094,1755,1756,1761,1765,1770],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1757,1758],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1759,1760],{},"public enum IntakeMode\n",[1108,1762,1763],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,1764,1120],{},[1108,1766,1767],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,1768,1769],{},"    OFF, INTAKE, EJECT\n",[1108,1771,1772],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,1773,1132],{},[1085,1775,1776],{},"Any other name is rejected before the program ever runs:",[1099,1778,1780],{"className":1101,"code":1779,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"IntakeMode mode = IntakeMode.EJECT; \u002F\u002F legal\nIntakeMode mode2 = IntakeMode.SHOOT; \u002F\u002F compile error — SHOOT was never defined\n",[1094,1781,1782,1787],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1783,1784],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1785,1786],{},"IntakeMode mode = IntakeMode.EJECT; \u002F\u002F legal\n",[1108,1788,1789],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,1790,1791],{},"IntakeMode mode2 = IntakeMode.SHOOT; \u002F\u002F compile error — SHOOT was never defined\n",[1085,1793,1794,1795,1797],{},"The constants are written in ",[1094,1796,1157],{},", the same style as other constants.",[1080,1799,1801,1802],{"id":1800},"step-3-react-to-the-current-mode-with-a-switch","Step 3: React to the Current Mode With a ",[1094,1803,1168],{},[1085,1805,1806,1807,1810,1811,1814,1815,1818,1819,1822],{},"In a separate file, ",[1094,1808,1809],{},"IntakeDemo.java"," (both files in the same folder; ",[1094,1812,1813],{},"java IntakeDemo.java"," runs multi-file source directly on JDK 22+ — on Java 17, compile both with ",[1094,1816,1817],{},"javac IntakeDemo.java IntakeMode.java"," first, then ",[1094,1820,1821],{},"java IntakeDemo","):",[1099,1824,1826],{"className":1101,"code":1825,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"public class IntakeDemo\n{\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        IntakeMode mode = IntakeMode.EJECT;\n\n        switch (mode)\n        {\n            case OFF    -> System.out.println(\"Rollers stopped\");\n            case INTAKE -> System.out.println(\"Pulling a game piece in\");\n            case EJECT  -> System.out.println(\"Spitting a game piece out\");\n        }\n    }\n}\n",[1094,1827,1828,1833,1837,1842,1846,1851,1855,1860,1865,1870,1875,1880,1885,1889],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1829,1830],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1831,1832],{},"public class IntakeDemo\n",[1108,1834,1835],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,1836,1120],{},[1108,1838,1839],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,1840,1841],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)\n",[1108,1843,1844],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,1845,1276],{},[1108,1847,1848],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,1849,1850],{},"        IntakeMode mode = IntakeMode.EJECT;\n",[1108,1852,1853],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,1854,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,1856,1857],{"class":1110,"line":1148},[1108,1858,1859],{},"        switch (mode)\n",[1108,1861,1862],{"class":1110,"line":1273},[1108,1863,1864],{},"        {\n",[1108,1866,1867],{"class":1110,"line":1279},[1108,1868,1869],{},"            case OFF    -> System.out.println(\"Rollers stopped\");\n",[1108,1871,1872],{"class":1110,"line":1285},[1108,1873,1874],{},"            case INTAKE -> System.out.println(\"Pulling a game piece in\");\n",[1108,1876,1877],{"class":1110,"line":1291},[1108,1878,1879],{},"            case EJECT  -> System.out.println(\"Spitting a game piece out\");\n",[1108,1881,1882],{"class":1110,"line":1296},[1108,1883,1884],{},"        }\n",[1108,1886,1887],{"class":1110,"line":1302},[1108,1888,1288],{},[1108,1890,1891],{"class":1110,"line":1307},[1108,1892,1132],{},[1085,1894,1895],{},"Output:",[1099,1897,1902],{"className":1898,"code":1900,"language":1901},[1899],"language-text","Spitting a game piece out\n","text",[1094,1903,1900],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1085,1905,1906,1907,1909,1910,1913,1914,1917,1918,1921,1922,1924,1925,1927],{},"Each ",[1094,1908,1605],{}," label is the bare constant name (",[1094,1911,1912],{},"EJECT","), with no ",[1094,1915,1916],{},"IntakeMode."," in front: the switch already knows it's switching over an ",[1094,1919,1920],{},"IntakeMode",". The arrow-style ",[1094,1923,1605],{}," needs no ",[1094,1926,1172],{},", and only the matching case runs.",[1080,1929,1931],{"id":1930},"step-4-give-each-mode-its-own-motor-power","Step 4: Give Each Mode Its Own Motor Power",[1085,1933,1934,1935,1938,1939,1942,1943,1946,1947,1949],{},"Every mode needs a motor power: ",[1094,1936,1937],{},"0.0"," for off, ",[1094,1940,1941],{},"0.8"," to pull in, ",[1094,1944,1945],{},"-0.5"," to push out. An enum is a real class, so it can hold that number itself. Here's ",[1094,1948,1749],{}," rewritten:",[1099,1951,1953],{"className":1101,"code":1952,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"public enum IntakeMode\n{\n    OFF(0.0), INTAKE(0.8), EJECT(-0.5);\n\n    private final double motorPower;\n\n    IntakeMode(double motorPower)\n    {\n        this.motorPower = motorPower;\n    }\n\n    public double getMotorPower()\n    {\n        return motorPower;\n    }\n}\n",[1094,1954,1955,1959,1963,1968,1972,1977,1981,1986,1990,1995,1999,2003,2008,2012,2017,2021],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,1956,1957],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,1958,1760],{},[1108,1960,1961],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,1962,1120],{},[1108,1964,1965],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,1966,1967],{},"    OFF(0.0), INTAKE(0.8), EJECT(-0.5);\n",[1108,1969,1970],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,1971,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,1973,1974],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,1975,1976],{},"    private final double motorPower;\n",[1108,1978,1979],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,1980,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,1982,1983],{"class":1110,"line":1148},[1108,1984,1985],{},"    IntakeMode(double motorPower)\n",[1108,1987,1988],{"class":1110,"line":1273},[1108,1989,1276],{},[1108,1991,1992],{"class":1110,"line":1279},[1108,1993,1994],{},"        this.motorPower = motorPower;\n",[1108,1996,1997],{"class":1110,"line":1285},[1108,1998,1288],{},[1108,2000,2001],{"class":1110,"line":1291},[1108,2002,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2004,2005],{"class":1110,"line":1296},[1108,2006,2007],{},"    public double getMotorPower()\n",[1108,2009,2010],{"class":1110,"line":1302},[1108,2011,1276],{},[1108,2013,2014],{"class":1110,"line":1307},[1108,2015,2016],{},"        return motorPower;\n",[1108,2018,2019],{"class":1110,"line":1313},[1108,2020,1288],{},[1108,2022,2023],{"class":1110,"line":1318},[1108,2024,1132],{},[1085,2026,2027],{},"Three things to check against the lesson's rules:",[1536,2029,2030,2036,2046],{},[1539,2031,2032,2033,2035],{},"The constant list comes ",[1089,2034,1326],{}," in the body.",[1539,2037,2038,2039,2042,2043,1546],{},"Because a field and methods follow it, the list ends with a ",[1089,2040,2041],{},"semicolon"," after ",[1094,2044,2045],{},"EJECT(-0.5)",[1539,2047,2048,2049,2052,2053,2055,2056,2059,2060,1331,2063,1624,2066,2068,2069,2071],{},"Each constant's parentheses (",[1094,2050,2051],{},"INTAKE(0.8)",") call the constructor with that constant's own value. The constructor is implicitly ",[1094,2054,1341],{},", so nobody can write ",[1094,2057,2058],{},"new IntakeMode(...)",". ",[1094,2061,2062],{},"OFF",[1094,2064,2065],{},"INTAKE",[1094,2067,1912],{}," are the only three ",[1094,2070,1920],{}," objects that will ever exist.",[1085,2073,2074,2075,2077],{},"Code that used to need a ",[1094,2076,1168],{}," to pick a power can now just ask the mode:",[1099,2079,2081],{"className":1101,"code":2080,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"IntakeMode mode = IntakeMode.EJECT;\nSystem.out.println(\"Setting intake power to \" + mode.getMotorPower());\n",[1094,2082,2083,2088],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,2084,2085],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,2086,2087],{},"IntakeMode mode = IntakeMode.EJECT;\n",[1108,2089,2090],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,2091,2092],{},"System.out.println(\"Setting intake power to \" + mode.getMotorPower());\n",[1099,2094,2097],{"className":2095,"code":2096,"language":1901},[1899],"Setting intake power to -0.5\n",[1094,2098,2096],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1080,2100,2102,2103],{"id":2101},"step-5-print-every-mode-with-values","Step 5: Print Every Mode With ",[1094,2104,1376],{},[1085,2106,2107,2110],{},[1094,2108,2109],{},"IntakeMode.values()"," returns an array of all three constants in the order they were declared, so a for-each loop covers every mode without listing them by hand:",[1099,2112,2114],{"className":1101,"code":2113,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"for (IntakeMode m : IntakeMode.values())\n{\n    System.out.println(m + \" -> \" + m.getMotorPower() + \" power\");\n}\n",[1094,2115,2116,2121,2125,2130],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,2117,2118],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,2119,2120],{},"for (IntakeMode m : IntakeMode.values())\n",[1108,2122,2123],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,2124,1120],{},[1108,2126,2127],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,2128,2129],{},"    System.out.println(m + \" -> \" + m.getMotorPower() + \" power\");\n",[1108,2131,2132],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,2133,1132],{},[1099,2135,2138],{"className":2136,"code":2137,"language":1901},[1899],"OFF -> 0.0 power\nINTAKE -> 0.8 power\nEJECT -> -0.5 power\n",[1094,2139,2137],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1085,2141,2142,2143,2146,2147,1331,2149,1331,2151,2153],{},"Printing ",[1094,2144,2145],{},"m"," on its own gives the constant's name (",[1094,2148,2062],{},[1094,2150,2065],{},[1094,2152,1912],{},"). If a fourth mode gets added to the enum later, this loop picks it up with no changes.",[1080,2155,2157],{"id":2156},"recap","Recap",[1536,2159,2160,2163,2171,2174,2179],{},[1539,2161,2162],{},"An enum lists every legal value of a type. Anything else fails to compile.",[1539,2164,2165,2166,2168,2169,1546],{},"A ",[1094,2167,1168],{}," over an enum uses bare constant names in each ",[1094,2170,1605],{},[1539,2172,2173],{},"An enum is a class: constants can pass arguments to a constructor, which stores them in fields that methods then return.",[1539,2175,2176,2177,1546],{},"Once fields or methods follow the constant list, the list must end with ",[1094,2178,1567],{},[1539,2180,2181,2183],{},[1094,2182,1613],{}," returns every constant in declared order, which makes looping over all of them easy.",[1661,2185,1663],{},{"title":1104,"searchDepth":1117,"depth":1117,"links":2187},[2188,2189,2190,2191,2193,2194,2196],{"id":1691,"depth":1117,"text":1692},{"id":1698,"depth":1117,"text":1699},{"id":1722,"depth":1117,"text":1723},{"id":1800,"depth":1117,"text":2192},"Step 3: React to the Current Mode With a switch",{"id":1930,"depth":1117,"text":1931},{"id":2101,"depth":1117,"text":2195},"Step 5: Print Every Mode With values()",{"id":2156,"depth":1117,"text":2157},{"outlineRef":1678,"pairsWith":2198,"status":2199},"[`lessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices.md`](..\u002F..\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices.md)","new — authored worked example (fully solved, walked step by step — not a problem to attempt)",{"title":623,"description":1104},"Zr9h7zRpVJSqu9Y4zcJh1_uoYYJ6-J4O-I3N3cTfku0",{"id":2203,"title":932,"body":2204,"description":1104,"extension":1676,"meta":3146,"navigation":1138,"path":931,"seo":3148,"stem":933,"__hash__":3149},"exercises\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices.md",{"type":1073,"value":2205,"toc":3141},[2206,2209,2213,2219,2295,2300,2324,2330,2347,2367,2371,2398,2401,2481,2486,2492,2558,2564,2647,2651,2657,2686,2696,2713,2747,2755,2760,2827,2832,2949,2954,3115,3139],[1076,2207,932],{"id":2208},"enums-named-choices-exercises",[1080,2210,2212],{"id":2211},"multiple-choice","Multiple Choice",[1085,2214,2215,2218],{},[1089,2216,2217],{},"Question:"," This enum is meant to store how far the climber extends for each position, but it doesn't compile. Why?",[1099,2220,2222],{"className":1101,"code":2221,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"public enum ClimberHeight\n{\n    RETRACTED(0.0), LOW_RUNG(18.0), HIGH_RUNG(31.5)\n\n    private final double inches;\n\n    ClimberHeight(double inches)\n    {\n        this.inches = inches;\n    }\n\n    public double getInches()\n    {\n        return inches;\n    }\n}\n",[1094,2223,2224,2229,2233,2238,2242,2247,2251,2256,2260,2265,2269,2273,2278,2282,2287,2291],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,2225,2226],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,2227,2228],{},"public enum ClimberHeight\n",[1108,2230,2231],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,2232,1120],{},[1108,2234,2235],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,2236,2237],{},"    RETRACTED(0.0), LOW_RUNG(18.0), HIGH_RUNG(31.5)\n",[1108,2239,2240],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,2241,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2243,2244],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,2245,2246],{},"    private final double inches;\n",[1108,2248,2249],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,2250,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2252,2253],{"class":1110,"line":1148},[1108,2254,2255],{},"    ClimberHeight(double inches)\n",[1108,2257,2258],{"class":1110,"line":1273},[1108,2259,1276],{},[1108,2261,2262],{"class":1110,"line":1279},[1108,2263,2264],{},"        this.inches = inches;\n",[1108,2266,2267],{"class":1110,"line":1285},[1108,2268,1288],{},[1108,2270,2271],{"class":1110,"line":1291},[1108,2272,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2274,2275],{"class":1110,"line":1296},[1108,2276,2277],{},"    public double getInches()\n",[1108,2279,2280],{"class":1110,"line":1302},[1108,2281,1276],{},[1108,2283,2284],{"class":1110,"line":1307},[1108,2285,2286],{},"        return inches;\n",[1108,2288,2289],{"class":1110,"line":1313},[1108,2290,1288],{},[1108,2292,2293],{"class":1110,"line":1318},[1108,2294,1132],{},[1085,2296,2297],{},[1089,2298,2299],{},"Options:",[1536,2301,2302,2309,2315,2318],{},[1539,2303,2304,2305,2308],{},"A. The constant list needs a semicolon after ",[1094,2306,2307],{},"HIGH_RUNG(31.5)",", because a field and methods follow it",[1539,2310,2311,2312],{},"B. Enum constant names have to be lowercase, like ",[1094,2313,2314],{},"lowRung",[1539,2316,2317],{},"C. An enum can't have a constructor. Only regular classes can",[1539,2319,2320,2321,2323],{},"D. The constructor needs the ",[1094,2322,1352],{}," keyword so the constants can call it",[1085,2325,2326,2329],{},[1089,2327,2328],{},"Answer:"," A",[1085,2331,2332,2335,2336,2338,2339,2342,2343,2346],{},[1089,2333,2334],{},"Why:"," Once an enum body has fields or methods after its constant list, the list has to end with ",[1094,2337,1567],{},". Without it, the compiler reads ",[1094,2340,2341],{},"private final double inches;"," as if it were still part of the constant list and fails. Adding the semicolon (",[1094,2344,2345],{},"HIGH_RUNG(31.5);",") fixes it.",[1536,2348,2349,2355,2358],{},[1539,2350,2351,2352,2354],{},"B is wrong. ",[1094,2353,1157],{}," is the naming convention for enum constants, and lowercase names would still compile. Either way, the names aren't what breaks this code.",[1539,2356,2357],{},"C is wrong. An enum is a full class, so it can have fields, a constructor, and methods. That's exactly how each constant carries its own height here.",[1539,2359,2360,2361,2363,2364,2366],{},"D is wrong. An enum's constructor is implicitly ",[1094,2362,1341],{},", because only the constants listed in the enum body are ever allowed to call it. Writing ",[1094,2365,1352],{}," on it actually causes a compile error of its own.",[1080,2368,2370],{"id":2369},"micro-parsons","Micro-Parsons",[1085,2372,2373,2376,2377,2380,2381,1479,2384,2387,2388,2390,2391,2394,2395,2397],{},[1089,2374,2375],{},"Problem:"," These lines, once correctly ordered, form a complete program. It defines a ",[1094,2378,2379],{},"DriveMode"," enum with two modes, ",[1094,2382,2383],{},"PRECISION",[1094,2385,2386],{},"TURBO",", and uses a ",[1094,2389,1168],{}," to print the top speed for the current mode. To keep it to one runnable file, ",[1094,2392,2393],{},"main"," goes inside the enum itself. That's legal because an enum is a class. Note that ",[1094,2396,2393],{}," counts as a method here, so the semicolon rule for the constant list applies.",[1085,2399,2400],{},"Reorder the fragments below into a working program:",[1536,2402,2403,2409,2415,2421,2427,2433,2439,2445,2451,2457,2463,2469,2475],{},[1539,2404,2405,2406],{},"a. ",[1094,2407,2408],{},"        DriveMode mode = DriveMode.PRECISION;",[1539,2410,2411,2412],{},"b. ",[1094,2413,2414],{},"public enum DriveMode",[1539,2416,2417,2418],{},"c. ",[1094,2419,2420],{},"        }",[1539,2422,2423,2424],{},"d. ",[1094,2425,2426],{},"            case PRECISION -> System.out.println(\"Max speed: 30%\");",[1539,2428,2429,2430],{},"e. ",[1094,2431,2432],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)",[1539,2434,2435,2436],{},"f. ",[1094,2437,2438],{},"}",[1539,2440,2441,2442],{},"g. ",[1094,2443,2444],{},"        switch (mode)",[1539,2446,2447,2448],{},"h. ",[1094,2449,2450],{},"{",[1539,2452,2453,2454],{},"i. ",[1094,2455,2456],{},"            case TURBO     -> System.out.println(\"Max speed: 100%\");",[1539,2458,2459,2460],{},"j. ",[1094,2461,2462],{},"    {",[1539,2464,2465,2466],{},"k. ",[1094,2467,2468],{},"    PRECISION, TURBO;",[1539,2470,2471,2472],{},"l. ",[1094,2473,2474],{},"    }",[1539,2476,2477,2478],{},"m. ",[1094,2479,2480],{},"        {",[1085,2482,2483,2485],{},[1089,2484,2328],{}," b, h, k, e, j, a, g, m, d, i, c, l, f",[1085,2487,2488,2491],{},[1089,2489,2490],{},"Interchangeable:"," (d, i)",[1099,2493,2495],{"className":1101,"code":2494,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"public enum DriveMode\n{\n    PRECISION, TURBO;\n\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        DriveMode mode = DriveMode.PRECISION;\n        switch (mode)\n        {\n            case PRECISION -> System.out.println(\"Max speed: 30%\");\n            case TURBO     -> System.out.println(\"Max speed: 100%\");\n        }\n    }\n}\n",[1094,2496,2497,2502,2506,2511,2515,2519,2523,2528,2532,2536,2541,2546,2550,2554],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,2498,2499],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,2500,2501],{},"public enum DriveMode\n",[1108,2503,2504],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,2505,1120],{},[1108,2507,2508],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,2509,2510],{},"    PRECISION, TURBO;\n",[1108,2512,2513],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,2514,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2516,2517],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,2518,1841],{},[1108,2520,2521],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,2522,1276],{},[1108,2524,2525],{"class":1110,"line":1148},[1108,2526,2527],{},"        DriveMode mode = DriveMode.PRECISION;\n",[1108,2529,2530],{"class":1110,"line":1273},[1108,2531,1859],{},[1108,2533,2534],{"class":1110,"line":1279},[1108,2535,1864],{},[1108,2537,2538],{"class":1110,"line":1285},[1108,2539,2540],{},"            case PRECISION -> System.out.println(\"Max speed: 30%\");\n",[1108,2542,2543],{"class":1110,"line":1291},[1108,2544,2545],{},"            case TURBO     -> System.out.println(\"Max speed: 100%\");\n",[1108,2547,2548],{"class":1110,"line":1296},[1108,2549,1884],{},[1108,2551,2552],{"class":1110,"line":1302},[1108,2553,1288],{},[1108,2555,2556],{"class":1110,"line":1307},[1108,2557,1132],{},[1085,2559,2560,2561],{},"Output: ",[1094,2562,2563],{},"Max speed: 30%",[1085,2565,2566,2569,2570,2573,2574,2577,2578,2581,2582,2584,2585,2587,2588,2590,2591,2573,2594,2597,2598,2600,2601,2604,2605,1730,2607,2610,2611,2613,2614,2616,2617,1331,2620,2623,2624,2626,2627,1216,2629,2632,2633,2636,2637,1730,2639,2642,2643,2646],{},[1089,2567,2568],{},"Why this order:"," The enum's name (",[1094,2571,2572],{},"b",") and opening brace (",[1094,2575,2576],{},"h",") come first. The constant list (",[1094,2579,2580],{},"k",") must be the first thing in the enum body, and it ends with ",[1094,2583,1567],{}," because a method (",[1094,2586,2393],{},") follows it. ",[1094,2589,2393],{},"'s signature (",[1094,2592,2593],{},"e",[1094,2595,2596],{},"j",") come next. Inside ",[1094,2599,2393],{},", the variable (",[1094,2602,2603],{},"a",") has to exist before the ",[1094,2606,1168],{},[1094,2608,2609],{},"g",") can check it. The switch's opening brace (",[1094,2612,2145],{},") comes next, then its two ",[1094,2615,1605],{}," lines (",[1094,2618,2619],{},"d",[1094,2621,2622],{},"i","). Those two can go in either order: an arrow-style ",[1094,2625,1605],{}," never falls through, so only the matching case runs no matter where it sits. The case labels are bare names (",[1094,2628,2383],{},[1094,2630,2631],{},"DriveMode.PRECISION","). The braces then close in the reverse order they opened: the switch (",[1094,2634,2635],{},"c","), then ",[1094,2638,2393],{},[1094,2640,2641],{},"l","), then the enum (",[1094,2644,2645],{},"f",").",[1080,2648,2650],{"id":2649},"coding","Coding",[1085,2652,2653,2656],{},[1089,2654,2655],{},"Mode:"," harness",[1085,2658,2659,2661,2662,2664,2665,2668,2669,2672,2673,2675,2676,2679,2680,2682,2683,2685],{},[1089,2660,2375],{}," The arm's named positions are an enum whose constants each carry a target angle in\ndegrees. The starter lists the constants with their angles, but the enum is missing the pieces that\nmake those arguments legal. Finish the ",[1094,2663,1223],{}," enum, then write ",[1094,2666,2667],{},"totalTravel",", which takes the\n",[1089,2670,2671],{},"names"," of the positions the arm visits, in order, and returns the total number of degrees the arm\nmoves. The arm always starts at ",[1094,2674,1215],{},". Each move costs the ",[1089,2677,2678],{},"absolute difference"," between the\ntwo angles. An empty route costs ",[1094,2681,1733],{},". Every name in the route is a valid ",[1094,2684,1223],{}," name.",[1085,2687,2688,2689,2692,2693,2646],{},"Add to the enum a ",[1094,2690,2691],{},"private final int"," field for the angle, a constructor that sets it, and a getter\n(for example ",[1094,2694,2695],{},"getAngleDegrees()",[1085,2697,2698,2699,2701,2702,2704,2705,2708,2709,2712],{},"Examples (angles: ",[1094,2700,1215],{}," 0, ",[1094,2703,2065],{}," 35, ",[1094,2706,2707],{},"SCORE"," 110, ",[1094,2710,2711],{},"CLIMB"," 60):",[1536,2714,2715,2732,2740],{},[1539,2716,2717,2720,2721,1730,2724,2727,2728,2731],{},[1094,2718,2719],{},"totalTravel(new String[] {\"INTAKE\", \"SCORE\"})"," returns ",[1094,2722,2723],{},"110",[1094,2725,2726],{},"0 -> 35 -> 110"," is ",[1094,2729,2730],{},"35 + 75",")",[1539,2733,2734,2720,2737],{},[1094,2735,2736],{},"totalTravel(new String[] {\"INTAKE\"})",[1094,2738,2739],{},"35",[1539,2741,2742,2720,2745],{},[1094,2743,2744],{},"totalTravel(new String[] {})",[1094,2746,1733],{},[1085,2748,2749,1547,2752],{},[1089,2750,2751],{},"Signature:",[1094,2753,2754],{},"public static int totalTravel(String[] route)",[1085,2756,2757],{},[1089,2758,2759],{},"Starter:",[1099,2761,2763],{"className":1101,"code":2762,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"public class Solution\n{\n    public enum ArmPosition\n    {\n        STOWED(0), INTAKE(35), SCORE(110), CLIMB(60);\n\n        \u002F\u002F TODO: add the field, constructor, and getter\n    }\n\n    public static int totalTravel(String[] route)\n    {\n        \u002F\u002F TODO: turn each name into an ArmPosition and add up the moves\n    }\n}\n",[1094,2764,2765,2770,2774,2779,2783,2788,2792,2797,2801,2805,2810,2814,2819,2823],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,2766,2767],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,2768,2769],{},"public class Solution\n",[1108,2771,2772],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,2773,1120],{},[1108,2775,2776],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,2777,2778],{},"    public enum ArmPosition\n",[1108,2780,2781],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,2782,1276],{},[1108,2784,2785],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,2786,2787],{},"        STOWED(0), INTAKE(35), SCORE(110), CLIMB(60);\n",[1108,2789,2790],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,2791,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2793,2794],{"class":1110,"line":1148},[1108,2795,2796],{},"        \u002F\u002F TODO: add the field, constructor, and getter\n",[1108,2798,2799],{"class":1110,"line":1273},[1108,2800,1288],{},[1108,2802,2803],{"class":1110,"line":1279},[1108,2804,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2806,2807],{"class":1110,"line":1285},[1108,2808,2809],{},"    public static int totalTravel(String[] route)\n",[1108,2811,2812],{"class":1110,"line":1291},[1108,2813,1276],{},[1108,2815,2816],{"class":1110,"line":1296},[1108,2817,2818],{},"        \u002F\u002F TODO: turn each name into an ArmPosition and add up the moves\n",[1108,2820,2821],{"class":1110,"line":1302},[1108,2822,1288],{},[1108,2824,2825],{"class":1110,"line":1307},[1108,2826,1132],{},[1085,2828,2829],{},[1089,2830,2831],{},"Tests:",[2833,2834,2835,2851],"table",{},[2836,2837,2838],"thead",{},[2839,2840,2841,2845,2848],"tr",{},[2842,2843,2844],"th",{},"Visible",[2842,2846,2847],{},"Arguments",[2842,2849,2850],{},"Expected",[2852,2853,2854,2869,2882,2895,2910,2923,2936],"tbody",{},[2839,2855,2856,2860,2865],{},[2857,2858,2859],"td",{},"yes",[2857,2861,2862],{},[1094,2863,2864],{},"new String[] {\"INTAKE\", \"SCORE\"}",[2857,2866,2867],{},[1094,2868,2723],{},[2839,2870,2871,2873,2878],{},[2857,2872,2859],{},[2857,2874,2875],{},[1094,2876,2877],{},"new String[] {\"INTAKE\"}",[2857,2879,2880],{},[1094,2881,2739],{},[2839,2883,2884,2886,2891],{},[2857,2885,2859],{},[2857,2887,2888],{},[1094,2889,2890],{},"new String[] {}",[2857,2892,2893],{},[1094,2894,1733],{},[2839,2896,2897,2900,2905],{},[2857,2898,2899],{},"no",[2857,2901,2902],{},[1094,2903,2904],{},"new String[] {\"SCORE\", \"STOWED\"}",[2857,2906,2907],{},[1094,2908,2909],{},"220",[2839,2911,2912,2914,2919],{},[2857,2913,2899],{},[2857,2915,2916],{},[1094,2917,2918],{},"new String[] {\"CLIMB\", \"INTAKE\", \"CLIMB\"}",[2857,2920,2921],{},[1094,2922,2723],{},[2839,2924,2925,2927,2932],{},[2857,2926,2899],{},[2857,2928,2929],{},[1094,2930,2931],{},"new String[] {\"STOWED\", \"STOWED\"}",[2857,2933,2934],{},[1094,2935,1733],{},[2839,2937,2938,2940,2945],{},[2857,2939,2899],{},[2857,2941,2942],{},[1094,2943,2944],{},"new String[] {\"SCORE\", \"INTAKE\", \"STOWED\"}",[2857,2946,2947],{},[1094,2948,2909],{},[1085,2950,2951],{},[1089,2952,2953],{},"Solution:",[1099,2955,2957],{"className":1101,"code":2956,"language":1103,"meta":1104,"style":1104},"public class Solution\n{\n    public enum ArmPosition\n    {\n        STOWED(0), INTAKE(35), SCORE(110), CLIMB(60);\n\n        private final int angleDegrees;\n\n        ArmPosition(int angleDegrees)\n        {\n            this.angleDegrees = angleDegrees;\n        }\n\n        public int getAngleDegrees()\n        {\n            return angleDegrees;\n        }\n    }\n\n    public static int totalTravel(String[] route)\n    {\n        int total = 0;\n        ArmPosition current = ArmPosition.STOWED;\n        for (String name : route)\n        {\n            ArmPosition next = ArmPosition.valueOf(name);\n            total = total + Math.abs(next.getAngleDegrees() - current.getAngleDegrees());\n            current = next;\n        }\n        return total;\n    }\n}\n",[1094,2958,2959,2963,2967,2971,2975,2979,2983,2988,2992,2997,3001,3006,3010,3014,3019,3023,3028,3033,3038,3043,3048,3053,3059,3065,3071,3076,3082,3088,3094,3099,3105,3110],{"__ignoreMap":1104},[1108,2960,2961],{"class":1110,"line":1111},[1108,2962,2769],{},[1108,2964,2965],{"class":1110,"line":1117},[1108,2966,1120],{},[1108,2968,2969],{"class":1110,"line":1123},[1108,2970,2778],{},[1108,2972,2973],{"class":1110,"line":1129},[1108,2974,1276],{},[1108,2976,2977],{"class":1110,"line":1135},[1108,2978,2787],{},[1108,2980,2981],{"class":1110,"line":1142},[1108,2982,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2984,2985],{"class":1110,"line":1148},[1108,2986,2987],{},"        private final int angleDegrees;\n",[1108,2989,2990],{"class":1110,"line":1273},[1108,2991,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,2993,2994],{"class":1110,"line":1279},[1108,2995,2996],{},"        ArmPosition(int angleDegrees)\n",[1108,2998,2999],{"class":1110,"line":1285},[1108,3000,1864],{},[1108,3002,3003],{"class":1110,"line":1291},[1108,3004,3005],{},"            this.angleDegrees = angleDegrees;\n",[1108,3007,3008],{"class":1110,"line":1296},[1108,3009,1884],{},[1108,3011,3012],{"class":1110,"line":1302},[1108,3013,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,3015,3016],{"class":1110,"line":1307},[1108,3017,3018],{},"        public int getAngleDegrees()\n",[1108,3020,3021],{"class":1110,"line":1313},[1108,3022,1864],{},[1108,3024,3025],{"class":1110,"line":1318},[1108,3026,3027],{},"            return angleDegrees;\n",[1108,3029,3031],{"class":1110,"line":3030},17,[1108,3032,1884],{},[1108,3034,3036],{"class":1110,"line":3035},18,[1108,3037,1288],{},[1108,3039,3041],{"class":1110,"line":3040},19,[1108,3042,1139],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1138},[1108,3044,3046],{"class":1110,"line":3045},20,[1108,3047,2809],{},[1108,3049,3051],{"class":1110,"line":3050},21,[1108,3052,1276],{},[1108,3054,3056],{"class":1110,"line":3055},22,[1108,3057,3058],{},"        int total = 0;\n",[1108,3060,3062],{"class":1110,"line":3061},23,[1108,3063,3064],{},"        ArmPosition current = ArmPosition.STOWED;\n",[1108,3066,3068],{"class":1110,"line":3067},24,[1108,3069,3070],{},"        for (String name : route)\n",[1108,3072,3074],{"class":1110,"line":3073},25,[1108,3075,1864],{},[1108,3077,3079],{"class":1110,"line":3078},26,[1108,3080,3081],{},"            ArmPosition next = ArmPosition.valueOf(name);\n",[1108,3083,3085],{"class":1110,"line":3084},27,[1108,3086,3087],{},"            total = total + Math.abs(next.getAngleDegrees() - current.getAngleDegrees());\n",[1108,3089,3091],{"class":1110,"line":3090},28,[1108,3092,3093],{},"            current = next;\n",[1108,3095,3097],{"class":1110,"line":3096},29,[1108,3098,1884],{},[1108,3100,3102],{"class":1110,"line":3101},30,[1108,3103,3104],{},"        return total;\n",[1108,3106,3108],{"class":1110,"line":3107},31,[1108,3109,1288],{},[1108,3111,3113],{"class":1110,"line":3112},32,[1108,3114,1132],{},[1085,3116,3117,3119,3120,3122,3123,3125,3126,3128,3129,3132,3133,3135,3136,3138],{},[1089,3118,2334],{}," An enum is a real class: once the constants carry arguments, the body needs a field, a\nconstructor that stores it (no ",[1094,3121,1352],{},", since an enum constructor is implicitly private), and a\ngetter. ",[1094,3124,1627],{}," turns each name into the matching constant. The loop remembers where the\narm currently is, starting at ",[1094,3127,1215],{},", and adds the distance to the next position. Without\n",[1094,3130,3131],{},"Math.abs",", a move down (like ",[1094,3134,2707],{}," to ",[1094,3137,1215],{},") would subtract instead of add, which is why the\nhidden tests include routes that go back down.",[1661,3140,1663],{},{"title":1104,"searchDepth":1117,"depth":1117,"links":3142},[3143,3144,3145],{"id":2211,"depth":1117,"text":2212},{"id":2369,"depth":1117,"text":2370},{"id":2649,"depth":1117,"text":2650},{"outlineRef":1678,"pairsWith":2198,"status":3147},"new — authored exercises (Multiple Choice + Micro-Parsons + Coding)",{"title":932,"description":1104},"NtTTgPsbdkHrmCwi9tWnqRshsiylRAnS8DuMskSXPUs",1792718166053]