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FRC?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.1-why-java-for-frc",{"path":9,"title":10,"stem":11},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":13,"title":14,"stem":15},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":17,"title":18,"stem":19},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":21,"title":22,"stem":23},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":25,"title":26,"stem":27},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":29,"title":30,"stem":31},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":33,"title":34,"stem":35},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":37,"title":38,"stem":39},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":41,"title":42,"stem":43},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":45,"title":46,"stem":47},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":49,"title":50,"stem":51},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":53,"title":54,"stem":55},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":57,"title":58,"stem":59},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":61,"title":62,"stem":63},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":65,"title":66,"stem":67},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":69,"title":70,"stem":71},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","Control Structures: if Statements & For Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":73,"title":74,"stem":75},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":77,"title":78,"stem":79},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":81,"title":82,"stem":83},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":85,"title":86,"stem":87},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":89,"title":90,"stem":91},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":93,"title":94,"stem":95},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":97,"title":98,"stem":99},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":101,"title":102,"stem":103},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":105,"title":106,"stem":107},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":109,"title":110,"stem":111},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":113,"title":114,"stem":115},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":117,"title":118,"stem":119},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":121,"title":122,"stem":123},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","The Class Blueprint","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":125,"title":126,"stem":127},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":129,"title":130,"stem":131},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":133,"title":134,"stem":135},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":137,"title":138,"stem":139},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\"","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":141,"title":142,"stem":143},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":145,"title":146,"stem":147},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":149,"title":150,"stem":151},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":153,"title":154,"stem":155},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":157,"title":158,"stem":159},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":161,"title":162,"stem":163},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":165,"title":166,"stem":167},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":169,"title":170,"stem":171},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":173,"title":174,"stem":175},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":177,"title":178,"stem":179},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":181,"title":182,"stem":183},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":185,"title":186,"stem":187},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":189,"title":190,"stem":191},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":193,"title":194,"stem":195},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":197,"title":198,"stem":199},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":201,"title":202,"stem":203},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap)","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":205,"title":206,"stem":207},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":209,"title":210,"stem":211},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":213,"title":214,"stem":215},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":217,"title":218,"stem":219},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":221,"title":222,"stem":223},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":225,"title":226,"stem":227},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":229,"title":230,"stem":231},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":233,"title":234,"stem":235},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":237,"title":238,"stem":239},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":241,"title":242,"stem":243},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":245,"title":246,"stem":247},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":249,"title":250,"stem":251},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":253,"title":254,"stem":255},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":257,"title":258,"stem":259},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":261,"title":262,"stem":263},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":265,"title":266,"stem":267},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":269,"title":270,"stem":271},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming?","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":273,"title":274,"stem":275},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":277,"title":278,"stem":279},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":281,"title":282,"stem":283},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":285,"title":286,"stem":287},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":289,"title":290,"stem":291},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":293,"title":294,"stem":295},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":297,"title":298,"stem":299},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":301,"title":302,"stem":303},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":305,"title":306,"stem":307},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":309,"title":310,"stem":311},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":313,"title":314,"stem":315},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":317,"title":318,"stem":319},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":321,"title":322,"stem":323},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"path":325,"title":326,"stem":327},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F1-coming-soon","Git & GitHub Basics — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch29-git-and-github-basics\u002F29.1-coming-soon",{"path":329,"title":330,"stem":331},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F1-coming-soon","Git — History & Merging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch30-git-history-and-merging\u002F30.1-coming-soon",{"path":333,"title":334,"stem":335},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F1-coming-soon","Dev Environment & Tooling — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch31-dev-environment-and-tooling\u002F31.1-coming-soon",{"path":337,"title":338,"stem":339},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F1-coming-soon","Unit Testing — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch32-unit-testing\u002F32.1-coming-soon",{"path":341,"title":342,"stem":343},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageKit — AutoLogging — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch33-advantagekit-autologging\u002F33.1-coming-soon",{"path":345,"title":346,"stem":347},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F1-coming-soon","Log Replay — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch34-log-replay\u002F34.1-coming-soon",{"path":349,"title":350,"stem":351},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope I: Visualization — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch35-advantagescope-i-visualization\u002F35.1-coming-soon",{"path":353,"title":354,"stem":355},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F1-coming-soon","AdvantageScope II: Custom 3D Assets — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch36-advantagescope-ii-custom-3d-assets\u002F36.1-coming-soon",{"path":357,"title":358,"stem":359},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch37-autonomous-i\u002F37.1-coming-soon",{"path":361,"title":362,"stem":363},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F1-coming-soon","Autonomous II: PathPlanner & Trajectories — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch38-autonomous-ii-pathplanner-and-trajectories\u002F38.1-coming-soon",{"path":365,"title":366,"stem":367},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Control Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch39-control-fundamentals\u002F39.1-coming-soon",{"path":369,"title":370,"stem":371},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F1-coming-soon","Motion Profiles — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch40-motion-profiles\u002F40.1-coming-soon",{"path":373,"title":374,"stem":375},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F1-coming-soon","Hardware Fundamentals — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch41-hardware-fundamentals\u002F41.1-coming-soon",{"path":377,"title":378,"stem":379},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F1-coming-soon","PhotonVision — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch42-photonvision\u002F42.1-coming-soon",{"path":381,"title":382,"stem":383},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F1-coming-soon","AprilTags & Pose — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch43-apriltags-and-pose\u002F43.1-coming-soon",{"path":385,"title":386,"stem":387},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch44-subsystems-i\u002F44.1-coming-soon",{"path":389,"title":390,"stem":391},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F1-coming-soon","Subsystems II — Advanced — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch45-subsystems-ii-advanced\u002F45.1-coming-soon",{"path":393,"title":394,"stem":395},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F1-coming-soon","Team Utilities I — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch46-team-utilities-i\u002F46.1-coming-soon",{"path":397,"title":398,"stem":399},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F1-coming-soon","Field Constants — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch47-field-constants\u002F47.1-coming-soon",{"path":401,"title":402,"stem":403},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting I — Runtime Debug — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch48-troubleshooting-i-runtime-debug\u002F48.1-coming-soon",{"path":405,"title":406,"stem":407},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F1-coming-soon","Troubleshooting II: CAN & Sim — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch49-troubleshooting-ii-can-and-sim\u002F49.1-coming-soon",{"path":409,"title":410,"stem":411},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Libraries: TalonFX — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch50-vendor-libraries-talonfx\u002F50.1-coming-soon",{"path":413,"title":414,"stem":415},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F1-coming-soon","Robot Alerts — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch51-robot-alerts\u002F51.1-coming-soon",{"path":417,"title":418,"stem":419},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Commands — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch52-wpilib-commands\u002F52.1-coming-soon",{"path":421,"title":422,"stem":423},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Geometry — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch53-wpilib-geometry\u002F53.1-coming-soon",{"path":425,"title":426,"stem":427},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F1-coming-soon","NetworkTables — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch54-networktables\u002F54.1-coming-soon",{"path":429,"title":430,"stem":431},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F1-coming-soon","Command Scheduler — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch55-command-scheduler\u002F55.1-coming-soon",{"path":433,"title":434,"stem":435},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Timers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch56-wpilib-timers\u002F56.1-coming-soon",{"path":437,"title":438,"stem":439},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F1-coming-soon","WPILib Triggers — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch57-wpilib-triggers\u002F57.1-coming-soon",{"path":441,"title":442,"stem":443},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F1-coming-soon","Vendor Units & Conversions — Coming Soon","shockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch58-vendor-units-and-conversions\u002F58.1-coming-soon",[445,449,453,457,461,465,469,473,477,481,485,489,493,497,501,505,509,513,517,521,525,529,533,537,541,545,549,553,557,561,565,569,573,577,581,585,589,593,597,601,605,609,613,617,621,625,629,633,637,641,645,649,653,657,661,665,669,673,677,681,685,689,693,697,701,705,709,713,717,721,725,729,733,737,741,745,749],{"path":446,"title":447,"stem":448},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":450,"title":451,"stem":452},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":454,"title":455,"stem":456},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":458,"title":459,"stem":460},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":462,"title":463,"stem":464},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":466,"title":467,"stem":468},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":470,"title":471,"stem":472},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":474,"title":475,"stem":476},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":478,"title":479,"stem":480},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":482,"title":483,"stem":484},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":486,"title":487,"stem":488},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":490,"title":491,"stem":492},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":494,"title":495,"stem":496},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":498,"title":499,"stem":500},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":502,"title":503,"stem":504},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":506,"title":507,"stem":508},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":510,"title":511,"stem":512},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":514,"title":515,"stem":516},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":518,"title":519,"stem":520},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":522,"title":523,"stem":524},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":526,"title":527,"stem":528},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":530,"title":531,"stem":532},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":534,"title":535,"stem":536},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":538,"title":539,"stem":540},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":542,"title":543,"stem":544},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":546,"title":547,"stem":548},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":550,"title":551,"stem":552},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":554,"title":555,"stem":556},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":558,"title":559,"stem":560},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":562,"title":563,"stem":564},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":566,"title":567,"stem":568},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":570,"title":571,"stem":572},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":574,"title":575,"stem":576},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":578,"title":579,"stem":580},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":582,"title":583,"stem":584},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":586,"title":587,"stem":588},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":590,"title":591,"stem":592},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":594,"title":595,"stem":596},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":598,"title":599,"stem":600},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":602,"title":603,"stem":604},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":606,"title":607,"stem":608},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":610,"title":611,"stem":612},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":614,"title":615,"stem":616},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":618,"title":619,"stem":620},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":622,"title":623,"stem":624},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":626,"title":627,"stem":628},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":630,"title":631,"stem":632},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":634,"title":635,"stem":636},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap) — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":638,"title":639,"stem":640},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":642,"title":643,"stem":644},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":646,"title":647,"stem":648},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":650,"title":651,"stem":652},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":654,"title":655,"stem":656},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":658,"title":659,"stem":660},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":662,"title":663,"stem":664},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":666,"title":667,"stem":668},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":670,"title":671,"stem":672},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":674,"title":675,"stem":676},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":678,"title":679,"stem":680},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":682,"title":683,"stem":684},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":686,"title":687,"stem":688},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":690,"title":691,"stem":692},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":694,"title":695,"stem":696},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":698,"title":699,"stem":700},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":702,"title":703,"stem":704},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming? — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":706,"title":707,"stem":708},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":710,"title":711,"stem":712},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":714,"title":715,"stem":716},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":718,"title":719,"stem":720},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":722,"title":723,"stem":724},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":726,"title":727,"stem":728},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":730,"title":731,"stem":732},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":734,"title":735,"stem":736},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":738,"title":739,"stem":740},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":742,"title":743,"stem":744},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":746,"title":747,"stem":748},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":750,"title":751,"stem":752},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting — Worked Example","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",[754,758,762,766,770,774,778,782,786,790,794,798,802,806,810,814,818,822,826,830,834,838,842,846,850,854,858,862,866,870,874,878,882,886,890,894,898,902,906,910,914,918,922,926,930,934,938,942,946,950,954,958,962,966,970,974,978,982,986,990,994,998,1002,1006,1010,1014,1018,1022,1026,1030,1034,1038,1042,1046,1050,1054,1058,1062,1066],{"path":755,"title":756,"stem":757},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers","Intro to Algorithms, Programming and Compilers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch01-why-java-for-frc\u002F1.2-intro-to-algorithms-programming-and-compilers",{"path":759,"title":760,"stem":761},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F1-variables-and-data-types","Variables & Data Types — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.1-variables-and-data-types",{"path":763,"title":764,"stem":765},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2-expressions-and-output","Expressions & Output — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.2-expressions-and-output",{"path":767,"title":768,"stem":769},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F3-assignment-and-input","Assignment & Input — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.3-assignment-and-input",{"path":771,"title":772,"stem":773},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F4-casting-and-ranges-of-values","Casting & Ranges of Values — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.4-casting-and-ranges-of-values",{"path":775,"title":776,"stem":777},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F5-compound-assignment-operators","Compound Assignment Operators — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch02-variables-and-types\u002F2.5-compound-assignment-operators",{"path":779,"title":780,"stem":781},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F1-apis-and-libraries","APIs and Libraries — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.1-apis-and-libraries",{"path":783,"title":784,"stem":785},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions","Documentation with Comments and Preconditions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.2-documentation-with-comments-and-preconditions",{"path":787,"title":788,"stem":789},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3-packages-and-imports","Packages & Imports — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch03-apis-libraries-and-documentation\u002F3.3-packages-and-imports",{"path":791,"title":792,"stem":793},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F1-methods-signatures-and-parameters","Methods, Signatures & Parameters — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.1-methods-signatures-and-parameters",{"path":795,"title":796,"stem":797},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F2-calling-class-methods","Calling Class Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.2-calling-class-methods",{"path":799,"title":800,"stem":801},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F3-using-the-math-class","Using the Math Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.3-using-the-math-class",{"path":803,"title":804,"stem":805},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4-objects-instances-of-classes","Objects — Instances of Classes — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.4-objects-instances-of-classes",{"path":807,"title":808,"stem":809},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors","Creating & Initializing Objects: Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.5-creating-and-initializing-objects-constructors",{"path":811,"title":812,"stem":813},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F6-calling-instance-methods","Calling Instance Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch04-using-objects-and-calling-methods\u002F4.6-calling-instance-methods",{"path":815,"title":816,"stem":817},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops","if Statements & For Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.1-5.2-if-statements-and-for-loops",{"path":819,"title":820,"stem":821},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F10-nested-iteration","Nested Iteration — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.10-nested-iteration",{"path":823,"title":824,"stem":825},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops","Informal Runtime Analysis of Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.11-informal-runtime-analysis-of-loops",{"path":827,"title":828,"stem":829},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F12-switch-statements-and-expressions","switch Statements and Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.12-switch-statements-and-expressions",{"path":831,"title":832,"stem":833},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition","Algorithms with Selection and Repetition — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.3-algorithms-with-selection-and-repetition",{"path":835,"title":836,"stem":837},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F4-boolean-expressions","Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.4-boolean-expressions",{"path":839,"title":840,"stem":841},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5-nested-if-statements","Nested if Statements — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.5-nested-if-statements",{"path":843,"title":844,"stem":845},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F6-compound-boolean-expressions","Compound Boolean Expressions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.6-compound-boolean-expressions",{"path":847,"title":848,"stem":849},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws","Comparing Boolean Expressions (De Morgan's Laws) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.7-comparing-boolean-expressions-de-morgans-laws",{"path":851,"title":852,"stem":853},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F8-while-loops","While Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.8-while-loops",{"path":855,"title":856,"stem":857},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms","Implementing Selection and Iteration Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch05-control-structures\u002F5.9-implementing-selection-and-iteration-algorithms",{"path":859,"title":860,"stem":861},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F1-strings","Strings — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.1-strings",{"path":863,"title":864,"stem":865},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F2-string-algorithms","String Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch06-strings\u002F6.2-string-algorithms",{"path":867,"title":868,"stem":869},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F1-anatomy-of-a-java-class","Anatomy of a Java Class — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.1-anatomy-of-a-java-class",{"path":871,"title":872,"stem":873},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F2-methods-how-to-write-them","Methods: How to Write Them — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.2-methods-how-to-write-them",{"path":875,"title":876,"stem":877},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object","Methods: Passing & Returning References of an Object — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.3-methods-passing-and-returning-references-of-an-object",{"path":879,"title":880,"stem":881},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F4-class-static-variables-and-methods","Class (static) Variables & Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch07-the-class-blueprint\u002F7.4-class-static-variables-and-methods",{"path":883,"title":884,"stem":885},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F1-8.2-constructors-and-this","Constructors & \"this\" — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch08-constructors-and-this\u002F8.1-8.2-constructors-and-this",{"path":887,"title":888,"stem":889},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F1-array-creation-and-access","Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.1-array-creation-and-access",{"path":891,"title":892,"stem":893},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F2-arraylist-and-its-methods","ArrayList and its Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.2-arraylist-and-its-methods",{"path":895,"title":896,"stem":897},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure","HashMap (Dictionary) Data Structure — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.3-optional-hashmap-dictionary-data-structure",{"path":899,"title":900,"stem":901},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F4-array-traversals","Array Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.4-array-traversals",{"path":903,"title":904,"stem":905},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F5-implementing-array-algorithms","Implementing Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.5-implementing-array-algorithms",{"path":907,"title":908,"stem":909},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F6-arraylist-traversals","ArrayList Traversals — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.6-arraylist-traversals",{"path":911,"title":912,"stem":913},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms","Implementing ArrayList Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.7-implementing-arraylist-algorithms",{"path":915,"title":916,"stem":917},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F8-using-text-files","Using Text Files — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch09-storing-data\u002F9.8-using-text-files",{"path":919,"title":920,"stem":921},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F1-2d-array-creation-and-access","2D Array Creation and Access — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.1-2d-array-creation-and-access",{"path":923,"title":924,"stem":925},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops","2D Array Traversals: Nested Loops — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.2-2d-array-traversals-nested-loops",{"path":927,"title":928,"stem":929},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms","Implementing 2D Array Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch10-2d-arrays\u002F10.3-implementing-2d-array-algorithms",{"path":931,"title":932,"stem":933},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices","Enums: Named Choices — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch11-enums-named-choices\u002F11-enums-named-choices",{"path":935,"title":936,"stem":937},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch","Exceptions & try\u002Fcatch — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch12-exceptions-and-try-catch\u002F12-exceptions-and-try-catch",{"path":939,"title":940,"stem":941},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas","Common Gotchas — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch13-common-gotchas\u002F13-common-gotchas",{"path":943,"title":944,"stem":945},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns","Why Design Patterns? — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch14-why-design-patterns\u002F14-why-design-patterns",{"path":947,"title":948,"stem":949},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections","Advanced Collections (Set\u002FQueue\u002FMap) — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch15-advanced-collections\u002F15-advanced-collections",{"path":951,"title":952,"stem":953},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics","Writing Your Own Generics — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch16-writing-your-own-generics\u002F16-writing-your-own-generics",{"path":955,"title":956,"stem":957},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F1-inheritance-superclass-subclass","Inheritance, Superclass, Subclass — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.1-inheritance-superclass-subclass",{"path":959,"title":960,"stem":961},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F2-inheritance-and-constructors","Inheritance and Constructors — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.2-inheritance-and-constructors",{"path":963,"title":964,"stem":965},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F3-inheritance-hierarchies","Inheritance Hierarchies — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.3-inheritance-hierarchies",{"path":967,"title":968,"stem":969},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F4-object-superclass","Object Superclass — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.4-object-superclass",{"path":971,"title":972,"stem":973},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F5-abstract-classes-and-methods","Abstract Classes and Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch17-inheritance-and-abstractions\u002F17.5-abstract-classes-and-methods",{"path":975,"title":976,"stem":977},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F1-overriding-methods","Overriding Methods — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.1-overriding-methods",{"path":979,"title":980,"stem":981},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F2-super-keyword","super Keyword — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.2-super-keyword",{"path":983,"title":984,"stem":985},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F3-polymorphism","Polymorphism — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch18-polymorphism-many-forms\u002F18.3-polymorphism",{"path":987,"title":988,"stem":989},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts","Interfaces as Contracts — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19-interfaces-as-contracts",{"path":991,"title":992,"stem":993},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F1-lambdas-and-method-references","Lambdas & Method References — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch19-interfaces-as-contracts\u002F19.1-lambdas-and-method-references",{"path":995,"title":996,"stem":997},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern","The IO-Layer Pattern — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch20-the-io-layer-pattern\u002F20-the-io-layer-pattern",{"path":999,"title":1000,"stem":1001},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories","Static Factories — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch21-static-factories\u002F21-static-factories",{"path":1003,"title":1004,"stem":1005},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern","The Builder Pattern — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch22-the-builder-pattern\u002F22-the-builder-pattern",{"path":1007,"title":1008,"stem":1009},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F1-scope-and-access","Access, final, and Immutability — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch23-encapsulation-and-final\u002F23.1-scope-and-access",{"path":1011,"title":1012,"stem":1013},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions","Optional: Avoiding Null Pointer Exceptions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions\u002F24-optional-avoiding-null-pointer-exceptions",{"path":1015,"title":1016,"stem":1017},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F1-what-is-command-based-programming","What Is Command-Based Programming? — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.1-what-is-command-based-programming",{"path":1019,"title":1020,"stem":1021},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F2-commands-and-command-compositions","Commands & Command Compositions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.2-commands-and-command-compositions",{"path":1023,"title":1024,"stem":1025},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F3-the-command-scheduler","The Command Scheduler — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.3-the-command-scheduler",{"path":1027,"title":1028,"stem":1029},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F4-state-machines-logic","State Machines: Logic — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.4-state-machines-logic",{"path":1031,"title":1032,"stem":1033},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F5-managing-transitions","Managing Transitions — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.5-managing-transitions",{"path":1035,"title":1036,"stem":1037},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F6-binding-commands-to-triggers","Binding Commands to Triggers — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers",{"path":1039,"title":1040,"stem":1041},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project","Structuring a Command-Based Robot Project — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.7-structuring-a-command-based-robot-project",{"path":1043,"title":1044,"stem":1045},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways","Architecture Takeaways — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch26-architecture-takeaways\u002F26-architecture-takeaways",{"path":1047,"title":1048,"stem":1049},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F1-abstraction-and-program-design","Abstraction and Program Design — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.1-abstraction-and-program-design",{"path":1051,"title":1052,"stem":1053},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F2-impact-of-program-design","Impact of Program Design — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch27-program-design-and-abstraction\u002F27.2-impact-of-program-design",{"path":1055,"title":1056,"stem":1057},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F1-searching-algorithms","Searching Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.1-searching-algorithms",{"path":1059,"title":1060,"stem":1061},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F2-sorting-algorithms","Sorting Algorithms — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.2-sorting-algorithms",{"path":1063,"title":1064,"stem":1065},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F3-recursion","Recursion — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.3-recursion",{"path":1067,"title":1068,"stem":1069},"\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F4-recursive-searching-and-sorting","Recursive Searching and Sorting — Exercises","shockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch28-algorithms-searching-sorting-recursion\u002F28.4-recursive-searching-and-sorting",{"id":1071,"title":290,"body":1072,"description":1099,"extension":1627,"meta":1628,"navigation":1121,"path":289,"seo":1631,"stem":291,"__hash__":1632},"lessons\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers.md",{"type":1073,"value":1074,"toc":1617},"minimark",[1075,1079,1084,1093,1135,1197,1201,1204,1267,1281,1285,1299,1314,1318,1321,1341,1345,1356,1365,1387,1396,1400,1449,1460,1464,1517,1521,1581,1613],[1076,1077,290],"h1",{"id":1078},"binding-commands-to-triggers",[1080,1081,1083],"h2",{"id":1082},"triggers-the-declarative-glue","Triggers: The Declarative Glue",[1085,1086,1087,1088,1092],"p",{},"A ",[1089,1090,1091],"code",{},"Trigger"," wraps any boolean condition — a button, a sensor, an arbitrary check — so a command can be bound to it once, declaratively, during setup. From then on, the scheduler itself checks the condition every loop (step 3 of Lesson 25.3's scheduler loop) and queues or cancels the command as needed — no manual polling code required anywhere else.",[1094,1095,1100],"pre",{"className":1096,"code":1097,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F From a controller button\nTrigger xButton = driverController.x();\n\n\u002F\u002F From an arbitrary condition — any BooleanSupplier (Lesson 19.1) works\nTrigger loaded = new Trigger(intake::isLoaded);\n","java","",[1089,1101,1102,1110,1116,1123,1129],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1104,1107],"span",{"class":1105,"line":1106},"line",1,[1103,1108,1109],{},"\u002F\u002F From a controller button\n",[1103,1111,1113],{"class":1105,"line":1112},2,[1103,1114,1115],{},"Trigger xButton = driverController.x();\n",[1103,1117,1119],{"class":1105,"line":1118},3,[1103,1120,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},true,"\n",[1103,1124,1126],{"class":1105,"line":1125},4,[1103,1127,1128],{},"\u002F\u002F From an arbitrary condition — any BooleanSupplier (Lesson 19.1) works\n",[1103,1130,1132],{"class":1105,"line":1131},5,[1103,1133,1134],{},"Trigger loaded = new Trigger(intake::isLoaded);\n",[1085,1136,1137,1138,1141,1142,1145,1146,1149,1150,1153,1154,1153,1157,1153,1160,1153,1163,1153,1166,1169,1170,1172,1173,1176,1177,1153,1180,1153,1183,1153,1186,1189,1190,1192,1193,1196],{},"In this chapter ",[1089,1139,1140],{},"driverController"," is a ",[1089,1143,1144],{},"CommandXboxController",", from ",[1089,1147,1148],{},"org.wpilib.command3.button",": its methods ",[1089,1151,1152],{},"a()",", ",[1089,1155,1156],{},"b()",[1089,1158,1159],{},"x()",[1089,1161,1162],{},"y()",[1089,1164,1165],{},"leftBumper()",[1089,1167,1168],{},"rightBumper()"," and so on each return a ",[1089,1171,1091],{}," for that button. (WPILib 2027 also has a generic ",[1089,1174,1175],{},"CommandGamepad",", which names the four face buttons by position — ",[1089,1178,1179],{},"faceDown()",[1089,1181,1182],{},"faceRight()",[1089,1184,1185],{},"faceLeft()",[1089,1187,1188],{},"faceUp()"," — so the same code fits any gamepad. Those names were changed in May 2026, one sign this API is still alpha.) A ",[1089,1191,1091],{}," is itself a ",[1089,1194,1195],{},"BooleanSupplier",", so it can be passed anywhere a condition is expected.",[1080,1198,1200],{"id":1199},"the-core-bindings","The Core Bindings",[1085,1202,1203],{},"Each binding schedules a command in response to a specific kind of state change:",[1094,1205,1207],{"className":1096,"code":1206,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"\u002F\u002F Schedules once, the instant the trigger becomes true (e.g. the button is first pressed)\ndriverController.y().onTrue(intake.retractCommand());\n\n\u002F\u002F Schedules while the trigger is true, cancels the instant it becomes false\ndriverController.b().whileTrue(intake.runIntakeCommand());\n\n\u002F\u002F Schedules once, the instant the trigger becomes false — the mirror of onTrue\ndriverController.a().onFalse(shooter.stopCommand());\n\n\u002F\u002F Schedules while the trigger is false, cancels the instant it becomes true\nloaded.whileFalse(leds.blinkCommand());\n",[1089,1208,1209,1214,1219,1223,1228,1233,1238,1244,1250,1255,1261],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1210,1211],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1212,1213],{},"\u002F\u002F Schedules once, the instant the trigger becomes true (e.g. the button is first pressed)\n",[1103,1215,1216],{"class":1105,"line":1112},[1103,1217,1218],{},"driverController.y().onTrue(intake.retractCommand());\n",[1103,1220,1221],{"class":1105,"line":1118},[1103,1222,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,1224,1225],{"class":1105,"line":1125},[1103,1226,1227],{},"\u002F\u002F Schedules while the trigger is true, cancels the instant it becomes false\n",[1103,1229,1230],{"class":1105,"line":1131},[1103,1231,1232],{},"driverController.b().whileTrue(intake.runIntakeCommand());\n",[1103,1234,1236],{"class":1105,"line":1235},6,[1103,1237,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,1239,1241],{"class":1105,"line":1240},7,[1103,1242,1243],{},"\u002F\u002F Schedules once, the instant the trigger becomes false — the mirror of onTrue\n",[1103,1245,1247],{"class":1105,"line":1246},8,[1103,1248,1249],{},"driverController.a().onFalse(shooter.stopCommand());\n",[1103,1251,1253],{"class":1105,"line":1252},9,[1103,1254,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,1256,1258],{"class":1105,"line":1257},10,[1103,1259,1260],{},"\u002F\u002F Schedules while the trigger is false, cancels the instant it becomes true\n",[1103,1262,1264],{"class":1105,"line":1263},11,[1103,1265,1266],{},"loaded.whileFalse(leds.blinkCommand());\n",[1085,1268,1269,1272,1273,1276,1277,1280],{},[1089,1270,1271],{},"onTrue"," fires once on the rising edge and doesn't re-fire unless the trigger goes false and true again. ",[1089,1274,1275],{},"whileTrue"," keeps a command running for as long as the condition holds, and cancels it the moment the condition ends — this is the natural fit for \"run the intake while this button is held down.\" ",[1089,1278,1279],{},"whileFalse"," is its mirror image.",[1080,1282,1284],{"id":1283},"composing-triggers","Composing Triggers",[1085,1286,1287,1288,1153,1291,1294,1295,1298],{},"Triggers combine with ",[1089,1289,1290],{},"and()",[1089,1292,1293],{},"or()",", and ",[1089,1296,1297],{},"negate()",", just like boolean expressions (Ch.5):",[1094,1300,1302],{"className":1096,"code":1301,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"\u002F\u002F Only schedules when BOTH buttons are pressed together\ndriverController.x().and(driverController.y()).onTrue(climber.deployCommand());\n",[1089,1303,1304,1309],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1305,1306],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1307,1308],{},"\u002F\u002F Only schedules when BOTH buttons are pressed together\n",[1103,1310,1311],{"class":1105,"line":1112},[1103,1312,1313],{},"driverController.x().and(driverController.y()).onTrue(climber.deployCommand());\n",[1080,1315,1317],{"id":1316},"chaining-multiple-bindings-on-one-trigger","Chaining Multiple Bindings on One Trigger",[1085,1319,1320],{},"Binding methods return the same trigger they were called on, so several different bindings can be chained onto one trigger:",[1094,1322,1324],{"className":1096,"code":1323,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"driverController.rightBumper()\n    .onTrue(hatch.grabCommand())      \u002F\u002F runs when pressed\n    .onFalse(hatch.releaseCommand()); \u002F\u002F runs when released\n",[1089,1325,1326,1331,1336],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1327,1328],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1329,1330],{},"driverController.rightBumper()\n",[1103,1332,1333],{"class":1105,"line":1112},[1103,1334,1335],{},"    .onTrue(hatch.grabCommand())      \u002F\u002F runs when pressed\n",[1103,1337,1338],{"class":1105,"line":1118},[1103,1339,1340],{},"    .onFalse(hatch.releaseCommand()); \u002F\u002F runs when released\n",[1080,1342,1344],{"id":1343},"debouncing-filtering-out-noise","Debouncing: Filtering Out Noise",[1085,1346,1347,1348,1351,1352,1355],{},"A digital sensor's raw signal can flicker rapidly right at the transition point — a ",[1089,1349,1350],{},"debounce"," filters that out, requiring the condition to hold steady for a set duration before it's treated as a real change. Like every v3 duration, the time is a ",[1089,1353,1354],{},"Time"," value (Lesson 25.2):",[1094,1357,1359],{"className":1096,"code":1358,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"loaded.debounce(Seconds.of(0.1)).onTrue(leds.flashCommand()); \u002F\u002F needs 0.1 s of true first\n",[1089,1360,1361],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1362,1363],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1364,1358],{},[1085,1366,1367,1368,1370,1371,1375,1376,1378,1379,1382,1383,1386],{},"By default, ",[1089,1369,1350],{}," only filters the ",[1372,1373,1374],"strong",{},"rising"," edge: the condition must stay true for 0.1 s before the trigger turns true, but a drop back to false passes through instantly. A sensor that flickers off and on can therefore still fire ",[1089,1377,1271],{}," again after each fresh 0.1 s of true. To filter both directions, pass a debounce type from ",[1089,1380,1381],{},"Debouncer.DebounceType"," (in ",[1089,1384,1385],{},"org.wpilib.math.filter","):",[1094,1388,1390],{"className":1096,"code":1389,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"loaded.debounce(Seconds.of(0.1), DebounceType.BOTH).onTrue(leds.flashCommand());\n",[1089,1391,1392],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1393,1394],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1395,1389],{},[1080,1397,1399],{"id":1398},"more-bindings-in-commands-v3","More Bindings in Commands v3",[1401,1402,1403,1410,1419,1432,1438],"ul",{},[1404,1405,1406,1409],"li",{},[1089,1407,1408],{},"toggleOnTrue(command)"," — each press starts the command if it's stopped, or cancels it if it's running.",[1404,1411,1412,1415,1416,1418],{},[1089,1413,1414],{},"retryWhileTrue(command)"," — like ",[1089,1417,1275],{},", but restarts the command if it ends while the condition is still true.",[1404,1420,1421,1424,1425,1428,1429,1431],{},[1089,1422,1423],{},"risingEdge()"," and ",[1089,1426,1427],{},"fallingEdge()"," — new triggers that are true for exactly one loop when the condition changes; pair them with ",[1089,1430,1271],{},".",[1404,1433,1434,1437],{},[1089,1435,1436],{},"multiPress(2, Seconds.of(0.5))"," — a new trigger that becomes true on a double-press within half a second.",[1404,1439,1440,1443,1444,1448],{},[1372,1441,1442],{},"Command-scoped bindings"," — a binding made ",[1445,1446,1447],"em",{},"inside"," a command's body only exists while that command runs, and anything it scheduled is canceled when that command ends. It's a clean way to say \"while aiming, fire whenever the turret is on target.\"",[1085,1450,1451,1452,1455,1456,1459],{},"Alpha note: ",[1089,1453,1454],{},"multiPress"," (May 2026) and ",[1089,1457,1458],{},"ifTrue(command)"," — which schedules the command on every loop the condition is true (September 2026) — are among the newest v3 additions and may still change.",[1080,1461,1463],{"id":1462},"common-pitfalls","Common Pitfalls",[1401,1465,1466,1477,1494,1504],{},[1404,1467,1468,1474,1475,1431],{},[1372,1469,1470,1471,1473],{},"Expecting ",[1089,1472,1271],{}," to re-fire while a button stays held."," It only fires once, on the transition from false to true — for continuous behavior while held, use ",[1089,1476,1275],{},[1404,1478,1479,1485,1486,1488,1489,1153,1491,1493],{},[1372,1480,1481,1482,1484],{},"Confusing a ",[1089,1483,1091],{},"'s boolean condition with the command it's bound to."," A ",[1089,1487,1091],{}," is just a wrapped condition; binding methods (",[1089,1490,1271],{},[1089,1492,1275],{},", etc.) are what actually connect it to a command.",[1404,1495,1496,1499,1500,1503],{},[1372,1497,1498],{},"Not debouncing a noisy digital sensor."," A sensor near its trip point can rapidly flicker true\u002Ffalse, causing repeated unwanted scheduling — ",[1089,1501,1502],{},"debounce(...)"," exists specifically for this.",[1404,1505,1506,1512,1513,1516],{},[1372,1507,1508,1509,1511],{},"Assuming the default ",[1089,1510,1350],{}," filters flicker in both directions."," It only delays the change to true; use ",[1089,1514,1515],{},"DebounceType.BOTH"," when a quick drop to false must also be ignored.",[1080,1518,1520],{"id":1519},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[1401,1522,1523,1535,1549,1559,1562,1571],{},[1404,1524,1087,1525,1527,1528,1530,1531,1424,1533,1431],{},[1089,1526,1091],{}," wraps any boolean condition (a button, a sensor, an arbitrary check) so a command can be bound to it once, declaratively; controller buttons come from ",[1089,1529,1144],{}," methods like ",[1089,1532,1152],{},[1089,1534,1168],{},[1404,1536,1537,1539,1540,1543,1544,1539,1546,1548],{},[1089,1538,1271],{},"\u002F",[1089,1541,1542],{},"onFalse"," fire once on a transition; ",[1089,1545,1275],{},[1089,1547,1279],{}," run a command for as long as the condition holds and cancel it the moment it changes.",[1404,1550,1551,1552,1153,1554,1153,1556,1558],{},"Triggers compose with ",[1089,1553,1290],{},[1089,1555,1293],{},[1089,1557,1297],{}," — same boolean logic as Ch.5.",[1404,1560,1561],{},"Binding methods return the same trigger, so multiple bindings can be chained onto one trigger.",[1404,1563,1564,1567,1568,1570],{},[1089,1565,1566],{},"debounce(Seconds.of(...))"," filters out flickering; by default only the rising edge is debounced, and ",[1089,1569,1515],{}," filters both.",[1404,1572,1573,1574,1153,1577,1580],{},"v3 adds ",[1089,1575,1576],{},"toggleOnTrue",[1089,1578,1579],{},"retryWhileTrue",", edge and multi-press triggers, and command-scoped bindings.",[1085,1582,1583,1584,1587,1588,1591,1592,1595,1596,1153,1599,1153,1602,1153,1605,1608,1609,1612],{},"Derived from ",[1089,1585,1586],{},"other-reference-repo",": ",[1089,1589,1590],{},"wpilib\u002Fcommand-based\u002F05-binding-commands-to-triggers.md"," (WPILIB 20.5); updated for Commands v3 from allwpilib ",[1089,1593,1594],{},"main"," (",[1089,1597,1598],{},"commandsv3\u002F…\u002Fcommand3\u002FTrigger.java",[1089,1600,1601],{},"button\u002FCommandXboxController.java",[1089,1603,1604],{},"button\u002FCommandGamepad.java",[1089,1606,1607],{},"wpimath\u002F…\u002Ffilter\u002FDebouncer.java",")\n",[1372,1610,1611],{},"Deck context:"," mechacoder-test\u002Fsrc\u002Flessons\u002Fjava-2.js, slide 12 (\"Event Loops & Triggers\")",[1614,1615,1616],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":1099,"searchDepth":1112,"depth":1112,"links":1618},[1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626],{"id":1082,"depth":1112,"text":1083},{"id":1199,"depth":1112,"text":1200},{"id":1283,"depth":1112,"text":1284},{"id":1316,"depth":1112,"text":1317},{"id":1343,"depth":1112,"text":1344},{"id":1398,"depth":1112,"text":1399},{"id":1462,"depth":1112,"text":1463},{"id":1519,"depth":1112,"text":1520},"md",{"outlineRef":1629,"status":1630},"25.6 — Binding Commands to Triggers (WPILIB 20.5)","new — authored lesson (fuller depth than the teaser slide; rewritten for Commands v3, WPILib 2027)",{"title":290,"description":1099},"un0bYu9Sjidfabv7Hk_I_6RX21PRmAE7vGMHvpWOoms",{"id":1634,"title":723,"body":1635,"description":1099,"extension":1627,"meta":2059,"navigation":1121,"path":722,"seo":2062,"stem":724,"__hash__":2063},"examples\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexamples\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers.md",{"type":1073,"value":1636,"toc":2046},[1637,1640,1644,1653,1679,1706,1710,1713,1801,1807,1816,1834,1840,1849,1858,1864,1873,1891,1895,1915,1953,1957,1986,1989,1993,2044],[1076,1638,723],{"id":1639},"binding-commands-to-triggers-worked-example",[1080,1641,1643],{"id":1642},"problem","Problem",[1085,1645,1646,1647,1650,1651,1386],{},"The drive team hands you their wish list for the operator's controller, ",[1089,1648,1649],{},"operatorController"," (a ",[1089,1652,1144],{},[1654,1655,1656,1663,1670,1676],"ol",{},[1404,1657,1658,1659,1662],{},"Holding the ",[1372,1660,1661],{},"right bumper"," runs the feeder; letting go stops it.",[1404,1664,1665,1666,1669],{},"Pressing ",[1372,1667,1668],{},"A"," once raises the amp bar.",[1404,1671,1665,1672,1675],{},[1372,1673,1674],{},"X"," fires a note — but only if the shooter is already up to speed.",[1404,1677,1678],{},"When the indexer's beam-break sensor sees a note, flash the LEDs — without flickering when a note wobbles right at the sensor's edge.",[1085,1680,1681,1682,1685,1686,1689,1690,1153,1693,1153,1696,1153,1699,1294,1702,1705],{},"The mechanisms already provide these commands and checks: ",[1089,1683,1684],{},"feeder.runCommand()"," (runs until canceled, and stops the feeder in its ",[1089,1687,1688],{},"whenExited(...)"," cleanup), ",[1089,1691,1692],{},"ampBar.raiseCommand()",[1089,1694,1695],{},"indexer.fireCommand()",[1089,1697,1698],{},"leds.flashCommand()",[1089,1700,1701],{},"shooter.isAtSpeed()",[1089,1703,1704],{},"indexer.hasNote()",". Write the bindings.",[1080,1707,1709],{"id":1708},"step-1-plan-it-first","Step 1: Plan It First",[1085,1711,1712],{},"For each item, decide two things: what the trigger is, and which binding matches the behavior.",[1714,1715,1716,1734],"table",{},[1717,1718,1719],"thead",{},[1720,1721,1722,1726,1728,1731],"tr",{},[1723,1724,1725],"th",{},"Item",[1723,1727,1091],{},[1723,1729,1730],{},"Binding",[1723,1732,1733],{},"Why",[1735,1736,1737,1752,1767,1786],"tbody",{},[1720,1738,1739,1743,1745,1749],{},[1740,1741,1742],"td",{},"1",[1740,1744,1661],{},[1740,1746,1747],{},[1089,1748,1275],{},[1740,1750,1751],{},"Run while held, cancel when released",[1720,1753,1754,1757,1760,1764],{},[1740,1755,1756],{},"2",[1740,1758,1759],{},"A button",[1740,1761,1762],{},[1089,1763,1271],{},[1740,1765,1766],{},"Fire once per press",[1720,1768,1769,1772,1779,1783],{},[1740,1770,1771],{},"3",[1740,1773,1774,1775,1778],{},"X button ",[1372,1776,1777],{},"and"," shooter at speed",[1740,1780,1781],{},[1089,1782,1271],{},[1740,1784,1785],{},"Fire once, only when both are true",[1720,1787,1788,1791,1794,1798],{},[1740,1789,1790],{},"4",[1740,1792,1793],{},"beam break, debounced in both directions",[1740,1795,1796],{},[1089,1797,1271],{},[1740,1799,1800],{},"Fire once per note, ignoring flickers",[1080,1802,1804,1805],{"id":1803},"step-2-hold-to-run-whiletrue","Step 2: Hold to Run — ",[1089,1806,1275],{},[1094,1808,1810],{"className":1096,"code":1809,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"operatorController.rightBumper().whileTrue(feeder.runCommand());\n",[1089,1811,1812],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1813,1814],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1815,1809],{},[1085,1817,1818,1820,1821,1823,1824,1826,1827,1830,1831,1833],{},[1089,1819,1168],{}," returns a ",[1089,1822,1091],{}," for that button. ",[1089,1825,1275],{}," schedules ",[1089,1828,1829],{},"runCommand()"," the instant the bumper goes down and cancels it the instant it comes up — and canceling a command runs its ",[1089,1832,1688],{}," cleanup, which stops the feeder. No release-handling code needed.",[1080,1835,1837,1838],{"id":1836},"step-3-press-once-ontrue","Step 3: Press Once — ",[1089,1839,1271],{},[1094,1841,1843],{"className":1096,"code":1842,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"operatorController.a().onTrue(ampBar.raiseCommand());\n",[1089,1844,1845],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1846,1847],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1848,1842],{},[1085,1850,1851,1853,1854,1857],{},[1089,1852,1271],{}," fires only on the change from not-pressed to pressed. Holding A down for five seconds still schedules ",[1089,1855,1856],{},"raiseCommand()"," exactly once.",[1080,1859,1861,1862],{"id":1860},"step-4-two-conditions-at-once-and","Step 4: Two Conditions at Once — ",[1089,1863,1290],{},[1094,1865,1867],{"className":1096,"code":1866,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"operatorController.x().and(shooter::isAtSpeed).onTrue(indexer.fireCommand());\n",[1089,1868,1869],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1870,1871],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1872,1866],{},[1085,1874,1875,1878,1879,1882,1883,1886,1887,1890],{},[1089,1876,1877],{},"and(...)"," builds a new trigger that's true only while ",[1445,1880,1881],{},"both"," are true. It accepts any boolean condition, so a method reference like ",[1089,1884,1885],{},"shooter::isAtSpeed"," works the same as another button would. If the operator presses X before the shooter is ready, nothing fires; the combined trigger becomes true — and ",[1089,1888,1889],{},"fireCommand()"," is scheduled — the moment both conditions hold.",[1080,1892,1894],{"id":1893},"step-5-a-sensor-trigger-debounced","Step 5: A Sensor Trigger, Debounced",[1094,1896,1898],{"className":1096,"code":1897,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"new Trigger(indexer::hasNote)\n    .debounce(Seconds.of(0.1), DebounceType.BOTH)\n    .onTrue(leds.flashCommand());\n",[1089,1899,1900,1905,1910],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1901,1902],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1903,1904],{},"new Trigger(indexer::hasNote)\n",[1103,1906,1907],{"class":1105,"line":1112},[1103,1908,1909],{},"    .debounce(Seconds.of(0.1), DebounceType.BOTH)\n",[1103,1911,1912],{"class":1105,"line":1118},[1103,1913,1914],{},"    .onTrue(leds.flashCommand());\n",[1401,1916,1917,1923,1948],{},[1404,1918,1919,1922],{},[1089,1920,1921],{},"new Trigger(indexer::hasNote)"," wraps a sensor check, not a button — any boolean condition can be a trigger.",[1404,1924,1925,1928,1929,1932,1933,1936,1937,1940,1941,1944,1945,1947],{},[1089,1926,1927],{},"debounce(Seconds.of(0.1), DebounceType.BOTH)"," makes the trigger change only after the sensor has held a new value steadily for 0.1 seconds, in ",[1445,1930,1931],{},"either"," direction. The plain ",[1089,1934,1935],{},"debounce(Seconds.of(0.1))"," would only filter the change to ",[1089,1938,1939],{},"true",": a note that wobbles just after arriving would drop the trigger to ",[1089,1942,1943],{},"false"," instantly, and the next 0.1 s of ",[1089,1946,1939],{}," would flash the LEDs a second time. Filtering both edges ignores the wobble.",[1404,1949,1950,1952],{},[1089,1951,1271],{}," flashes once per note.",[1080,1954,1956],{"id":1955},"step-6-all-together","Step 6: All Together",[1094,1958,1960],{"className":1096,"code":1959,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"operatorController.rightBumper().whileTrue(feeder.runCommand());\noperatorController.a().onTrue(ampBar.raiseCommand());\noperatorController.x().and(shooter::isAtSpeed).onTrue(indexer.fireCommand());\nnew Trigger(indexer::hasNote)\n    .debounce(Seconds.of(0.1), DebounceType.BOTH)\n    .onTrue(leds.flashCommand());\n",[1089,1961,1962,1966,1970,1974,1978,1982],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,1963,1964],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,1965,1809],{},[1103,1967,1968],{"class":1105,"line":1112},[1103,1969,1842],{},[1103,1971,1972],{"class":1105,"line":1118},[1103,1973,1866],{},[1103,1975,1976],{"class":1105,"line":1125},[1103,1977,1904],{},[1103,1979,1980],{"class":1105,"line":1131},[1103,1981,1909],{},[1103,1983,1984],{"class":1105,"line":1235},[1103,1985,1914],{},[1085,1987,1988],{},"Four statements, written once during setup. From here on, the scheduler checks every one of these conditions each loop by itself.",[1080,1990,1992],{"id":1991},"recap","Recap",[1401,1994,1995,2009,2017,2025],{},[1404,1996,1087,1997,1999,2000,2003,2004,1595,2006,2008],{},[1089,1998,1091],{}," wraps any boolean condition — a controller button (",[1089,2001,2002],{},"operatorController.a()",") or any ",[1089,2005,1195],{},[1089,2007,1921],{},").",[1404,2010,2011,2013,2014,2016],{},[1089,2012,1275],{}," is for \"run while held\"; ",[1089,2015,1271],{}," is for \"do it once per press.\"",[1404,2018,2019,2021,2022,1431],{},[1089,2020,1877],{}," combines conditions, just like ",[1089,2023,2024],{},"&&",[1404,2026,2027,2029,2030,2032,2033,1294,2036,2038,2039,2041,2042,1431],{},[1089,2028,1502],{}," filters out rapid flickering before a trigger reacts; its duration is a ",[1089,2031,1354],{}," like ",[1089,2034,2035],{},"Seconds.of(0.1)",[1089,2037,1515],{}," filters the drop back to ",[1089,2040,1943],{}," as well as the rise to ",[1089,2043,1939],{},[1614,2045,1616],{},{"title":1099,"searchDepth":1112,"depth":1112,"links":2047},[2048,2049,2050,2052,2054,2056,2057,2058],{"id":1642,"depth":1112,"text":1643},{"id":1708,"depth":1112,"text":1709},{"id":1803,"depth":1112,"text":2051},"Step 2: Hold to Run — whileTrue",{"id":1836,"depth":1112,"text":2053},"Step 3: Press Once — onTrue",{"id":1860,"depth":1112,"text":2055},"Step 4: Two Conditions at Once — and()",{"id":1893,"depth":1112,"text":1894},{"id":1955,"depth":1112,"text":1956},{"id":1991,"depth":1112,"text":1992},{"outlineRef":1629,"pairsWith":2060,"status":2061},"[`lessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers.md`](..\u002F..\u002Flessons\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers.md)","new — authored worked example (fully solved, walked step by step — not a problem to attempt); updated for Commands v3",{"title":723,"description":1099},"51H2ina6KPdaNUncVJB5Xv3hpI0k_73Ns2Gg-VqTOJI",{"id":2065,"title":1036,"body":2066,"description":1099,"extension":1627,"meta":3403,"navigation":1121,"path":1035,"seo":3405,"stem":1037,"__hash__":3406},"exercises\u002Fshockwave-curriculum\u002Fexercises\u002Fch25-command-based-programming\u002F25.6-binding-commands-to-triggers.md",{"type":1073,"value":2067,"toc":3398},[2068,2071,2075,2081,2090,2101,2106,2120,2126,2139,2168,2172,2197,2200,2262,2267,2273,2332,2399,2406,2410,2416,2428,2473,2507,2515,2518,2524,2544,2549,2927,2932,2937,2942,2947,2952,2957,2961,2967,2971,2977,2982,2986,2992,2996,3002,3007,3011,3017,3021,3027,3032,3036,3042,3046,3052,3057,3353,3396],[1076,2069,1036],{"id":2070},"binding-commands-to-triggers-exercises",[1080,2072,2074],{"id":2073},"multiple-choice","Multiple Choice",[1085,2076,2077,2080],{},[1372,2078,2079],{},"Question:"," During setup, this binding is created:",[1094,2082,2084],{"className":1096,"code":2083,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"driverController.b().onTrue(Command.noRequirements(co -> gyro.reset()).named(\"Reset Gyro\"));\n",[1089,2085,2086],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,2087,2088],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,2089,2083],{},[1085,2091,2092,2093,2096,2097,2100],{},"The driver presses ",[1372,2094,2095],{},"B"," and holds it down for 3 seconds before letting go. How many times does ",[1089,2098,2099],{},"gyro.reset()"," run?",[1085,2102,2103],{},[1372,2104,2105],{},"Options:",[1401,2107,2108,2111,2114,2117],{},[1404,2109,2110],{},"A. Once, the instant B is first pressed",[1404,2112,2113],{},"B. About 150 times — once every 20ms loop while B is held",[1404,2115,2116],{},"C. Twice — once when B is pressed and once when it's released",[1404,2118,2119],{},"D. Zero times until B is released, then once",[1085,2121,2122,2125],{},[1372,2123,2124],{},"Answer:"," A",[1085,2127,2128,2131,2132,2134,2135,2138],{},[1372,2129,2130],{},"Why:"," ",[1089,2133,1271],{}," schedules its command only on the change from false to true — the instant B goes down. Holding B keeps the trigger true, but there's no new false-to-true change, so nothing is scheduled again until B is released and pressed a second time. ",[1089,2136,2137],{},"Command.noRequirements(...)"," builds a one-shot command that needs no mechanism (resetting a gyro doesn't control anything), and its body runs once, the same as any command whose body has no loop.",[1401,2140,2141,2150,2159],{},[1404,2142,2143,2144,2146,2147,2149],{},"B is wrong — scheduling every loop while held isn't what ",[1089,2145,1271],{}," does; even ",[1089,2148,1275],{}," schedules its command once and keeps it running, rather than restarting it each loop.",[1404,2151,2152,2153,2155,2156,2158],{},"C is wrong — reacting to the release would need a separate ",[1089,2154,1542],{}," binding; ",[1089,2157,1271],{}," ignores the true-to-false change.",[1404,2160,2161,2162,2164,2165,2167],{},"D is wrong — that describes ",[1089,2163,1542],{},", which fires on the release; ",[1089,2166,1271],{}," fires on the press.",[1080,2169,2171],{"id":2170},"micro-parsons","Micro-Parsons",[1085,2173,2174,2177,2178,2181,2182,2185,2186,2189,2190,2192,2193,2196],{},[1372,2175,2176],{},"Problem:"," These lines, once correctly ordered, form a complete class, ",[1089,2179,2180],{},"OperatorControls",", that creates an operator controller on port 1 and a ",[1089,2183,2184],{},"Climber"," mechanism. Its constructor builds one trigger, ",[1089,2187,2188],{},"climbButtons",", that is true only while ",[1372,2191,1881],{}," bumpers are held, debounced by 0.25 seconds so a brief accidental touch doesn't count. It then binds ",[1089,2194,2195],{},"climber.climbCommand()"," so the climber runs only while that trigger stays true.",[1085,2198,2199],{},"Reorder the fragments below into a working class:",[1401,2201,2202,2208,2214,2220,2226,2232,2238,2244,2250,2256],{},[1404,2203,2204,2205],{},"a. ",[1089,2206,2207],{},"        climbButtons.whileTrue(climber.climbCommand());",[1404,2209,2210,2211],{},"b. ",[1089,2212,2213],{},"    public OperatorControls()",[1404,2215,2216,2217],{},"c. ",[1089,2218,2219],{},"}",[1404,2221,2222,2223],{},"d. ",[1089,2224,2225],{},"    private final CommandXboxController operator = new CommandXboxController(1);",[1404,2227,2228,2229],{},"e. ",[1089,2230,2231],{},"    {",[1404,2233,2234,2235],{},"f. ",[1089,2236,2237],{},"public class OperatorControls",[1404,2239,2240,2241],{},"g. ",[1089,2242,2243],{},"        Trigger climbButtons = operator.leftBumper().and(operator.rightBumper()).debounce(Seconds.of(0.25));",[1404,2245,2246,2247],{},"h. ",[1089,2248,2249],{},"    }",[1404,2251,2252,2253],{},"i. ",[1089,2254,2255],{},"{",[1404,2257,2258,2259],{},"j. ",[1089,2260,2261],{},"    private final Climber climber = new Climber();",[1085,2263,2264,2266],{},[1372,2265,2124],{}," f, i, d, j, b, e, g, a, h, c",[1085,2268,2269,2272],{},[1372,2270,2271],{},"Interchangeable:"," (d, j)",[1094,2274,2276],{"className":1096,"code":2275,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"public class OperatorControls\n{\n    private final CommandXboxController operator = new CommandXboxController(1);\n    private final Climber climber = new Climber();\n\n    public OperatorControls()\n    {\n        Trigger climbButtons = operator.leftBumper().and(operator.rightBumper()).debounce(Seconds.of(0.25));\n        climbButtons.whileTrue(climber.climbCommand());\n    }\n}\n",[1089,2277,2278,2283,2288,2293,2298,2302,2307,2312,2317,2322,2327],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,2279,2280],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,2281,2282],{},"public class OperatorControls\n",[1103,2284,2285],{"class":1105,"line":1112},[1103,2286,2287],{},"{\n",[1103,2289,2290],{"class":1105,"line":1118},[1103,2291,2292],{},"    private final CommandXboxController operator = new CommandXboxController(1);\n",[1103,2294,2295],{"class":1105,"line":1125},[1103,2296,2297],{},"    private final Climber climber = new Climber();\n",[1103,2299,2300],{"class":1105,"line":1131},[1103,2301,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2303,2304],{"class":1105,"line":1235},[1103,2305,2306],{},"    public OperatorControls()\n",[1103,2308,2309],{"class":1105,"line":1240},[1103,2310,2311],{},"    {\n",[1103,2313,2314],{"class":1105,"line":1246},[1103,2315,2316],{},"        Trigger climbButtons = operator.leftBumper().and(operator.rightBumper()).debounce(Seconds.of(0.25));\n",[1103,2318,2319],{"class":1105,"line":1252},[1103,2320,2321],{},"        climbButtons.whileTrue(climber.climbCommand());\n",[1103,2323,2324],{"class":1105,"line":1257},[1103,2325,2326],{},"    }\n",[1103,2328,2329],{"class":1105,"line":1263},[1103,2330,2331],{},"}\n",[1085,2333,2334,2337,2338,2341,2342,2345,2346,1153,2349,2352,2353,1153,2356,2359,2360,2363,2364,2366,2367,2370,2371,2373,2374,2377,2378,2380,2381,2383,2384,2387,2388,2391,2392,2395,2396,2008],{},[1372,2335,2336],{},"Why this order:"," The class header (",[1089,2339,2340],{},"f",") and brace (",[1089,2343,2344],{},"i",") come first, then the two fields (",[1089,2347,2348],{},"d",[1089,2350,2351],{},"j",") — the controller and the mechanism have to exist before the constructor can use them. The constructor (",[1089,2354,2355],{},"b",[1089,2357,2358],{},"e",") first builds the combined, debounced trigger (",[1089,2361,2362],{},"g",") and stores it in ",[1089,2365,2188],{},", and only then binds a command to it (",[1089,2368,2369],{},"a",") — the variable can't be used before it's declared. ",[1089,2372,1275],{}," is the right binding here: it keeps ",[1089,2375,2376],{},"climbCommand()"," running while both bumpers stay held and cancels it the instant either is released. ",[1089,2379,1350],{}," takes a ",[1089,2382,1354],{},", so the duration is ",[1089,2385,2386],{},"Seconds.of(0.25)",", not a bare ",[1089,2389,2390],{},"0.25",". The constructor's brace closes (",[1089,2393,2394],{},"h","), then the class's (",[1089,2397,2398],{},"c",[1085,2400,2401,1424,2403,2405],{},[1089,2402,2348],{},[1089,2404,2351],{}," can go in either order: neither field's initializer uses the other, and both are created before the constructor body runs, whichever comes first.",[1080,2407,2409],{"id":2408},"coding","Coding",[1085,2411,2412,2415],{},[1372,2413,2414],{},"Mode:"," full-program",[1085,2417,2418,2420,2421,2423,2424,2427],{},[1372,2419,2176],{}," Commands v3 binds commands to buttons once, during setup, with ",[1089,2422,1091],{}," methods. Write\n",[1089,2425,2426],{},"Wiring.configureButtons(bumper, bButton, grab, release, eject)"," so that:",[1401,2429,2430,2456],{},[1404,2431,2432,2433,1587,2436,2439,2440,1595,2443,2445,2446,2449,2450,1595,2453,2455],{},"for the ",[1372,2434,2435],{},"bumper",[1089,2437,2438],{},"grab"," runs once when it is ",[1372,2441,2442],{},"pressed",[1089,2444,1271],{},") and ",[1089,2447,2448],{},"release"," runs once\nwhen it is ",[1372,2451,2452],{},"released",[1089,2454,1542],{},"), chained on the same trigger;",[1404,2457,2458,2461,2462,2465,2466,2469,2470,2472],{},[1089,2459,2460],{},"eject"," runs ",[1372,2463,2464],{},"only while"," the ",[1372,2467,2468],{},"B button"," is held (",[1089,2471,1275],{},"), every loop, and stops the\nmoment it is released.",[1085,2474,2475,2476,1424,2479,2482,2483,2485,2486,2488,2489,2492,2493,2496,2497,2499,2500,1424,2503,2506],{},"(On a real robot you would pass ",[1089,2477,2478],{},"driverController.rightBumper()",[1089,2480,2481],{},"driverController.b()","; here the\nfixed ",[1089,2484,1594],{}," makes two triggers from flags it flips.) The fixed ",[1089,2487,1594],{}," runs the ",[1372,2490,2491],{},"real scheduler",",\nafter one idle loop so each trigger records its starting state.\nIt reads a number of loops, then two numbers per loop (",[1089,2494,2495],{},"bumper bButton","), where ",[1089,2498,1742],{}," means that button\nis ",[1372,2501,2502],{},"held down",[1089,2504,2505],{},"0"," means it is released, and prints what ran in each loop. For the input\nbelow:",[1094,2508,2513],{"className":2509,"code":2511,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"language-text","4\n0 0\n1 0\n1 0\n0 0\n","text",[1089,2514,2511],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,2516,2517],{},"the output is:",[1094,2519,2522],{"className":2520,"code":2521,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"loop 1: []\nloop 2: [grab start]\nloop 3: []\nloop 4: [release, grab end]\n",[1089,2523,2521],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,2525,2526,2527,2529,2530,2533,2534,2537,2538,2540,2541,2543],{},"(The given ",[1089,2528,2438],{}," command logs ",[1089,2531,2532],{},"grab start",", pauses for two loops, then logs ",[1089,2535,2536],{},"grab end","; ",[1089,2539,2448],{}," and\n",[1089,2542,2460],{}," log their own names.)",[1085,2545,2546],{},[1372,2547,2548],{},"Starter:",[1094,2550,2552],{"className":1096,"code":2551,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"import java.util.*;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.Command;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.Mechanism;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.Scheduler;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.TestSupport;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.Trigger;\n\npublic class Main\n{\n    private static final List\u003CString> log = new ArrayList\u003C>();\n\n    \u002F\u002F Don't change main\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        TestSupport.init(); \u002F\u002F a fake robot clock and opmode, so the scheduler can run without a robot\n        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);\n        int loops = in.nextInt();\n\n        Scheduler scheduler = Scheduler.getDefault();\n        Hatch hatch = new Hatch();\n        Latch latch = new Latch();\n        Ejector ejector = new Ejector();\n        Command grab = hatch.run(coroutine -> {\n            log.add(\"grab start\");\n            coroutine.yield();\n            coroutine.yield();\n            log.add(\"grab end\");\n        }).named(\"Grab\");\n        Command release = latch.run(coroutine -> log.add(\"release\")).named(\"Release\");\n        Command eject = ejector.runRepeatedly(() -> log.add(\"eject\")).named(\"Eject\");\n\n        boolean[] held = new boolean[2]; \u002F\u002F [0] = bumper, [1] = B button\n        Trigger bumper = new Trigger(scheduler, () -> held[0]);\n        Trigger bButton = new Trigger(scheduler, () -> held[1]);\n        Wiring.configureButtons(bumper, bButton, grab, release, eject);\n\n        scheduler.run(); \u002F\u002F one idle loop first, so each trigger records its starting state\n        log.clear();\n        for (int i = 0; i \u003C loops; i++)\n        {\n            held[0] = in.nextInt() == 1;\n            held[1] = in.nextInt() == 1;\n            log.clear();\n            scheduler.run();\n            System.out.println(\"loop \" + (i + 1) + \": \" + log);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nclass Hatch implements Mechanism\n{\n}\n\nclass Latch implements Mechanism\n{\n}\n\nclass Ejector implements Mechanism\n{\n}\n\nclass Wiring\n{\n    public static void configureButtons(Trigger bumper, Trigger bButton, Command grab, Command release, Command eject)\n    {\n        \u002F\u002F TODO\n    }\n}\n",[1089,2553,2554,2559,2564,2569,2574,2579,2584,2588,2593,2597,2602,2606,2612,2618,2623,2629,2635,2641,2646,2652,2658,2664,2670,2676,2682,2688,2693,2699,2705,2711,2717,2722,2728,2734,2740,2746,2751,2757,2763,2769,2775,2781,2787,2793,2799,2805,2811,2816,2821,2826,2832,2837,2842,2847,2853,2858,2863,2868,2874,2879,2884,2889,2895,2900,2906,2911,2917,2922],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,2555,2556],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,2557,2558],{},"import java.util.*;\n",[1103,2560,2561],{"class":1105,"line":1112},[1103,2562,2563],{},"import org.wpilib.command3.Command;\n",[1103,2565,2566],{"class":1105,"line":1118},[1103,2567,2568],{},"import org.wpilib.command3.Mechanism;\n",[1103,2570,2571],{"class":1105,"line":1125},[1103,2572,2573],{},"import org.wpilib.command3.Scheduler;\n",[1103,2575,2576],{"class":1105,"line":1131},[1103,2577,2578],{},"import org.wpilib.command3.TestSupport;\n",[1103,2580,2581],{"class":1105,"line":1235},[1103,2582,2583],{},"import org.wpilib.command3.Trigger;\n",[1103,2585,2586],{"class":1105,"line":1240},[1103,2587,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2589,2590],{"class":1105,"line":1246},[1103,2591,2592],{},"public class Main\n",[1103,2594,2595],{"class":1105,"line":1252},[1103,2596,2287],{},[1103,2598,2599],{"class":1105,"line":1257},[1103,2600,2601],{},"    private static final List\u003CString> log = new ArrayList\u003C>();\n",[1103,2603,2604],{"class":1105,"line":1263},[1103,2605,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2607,2609],{"class":1105,"line":2608},12,[1103,2610,2611],{},"    \u002F\u002F Don't change main\n",[1103,2613,2615],{"class":1105,"line":2614},13,[1103,2616,2617],{},"    public static void main(String[] args)\n",[1103,2619,2621],{"class":1105,"line":2620},14,[1103,2622,2311],{},[1103,2624,2626],{"class":1105,"line":2625},15,[1103,2627,2628],{},"        TestSupport.init(); \u002F\u002F a fake robot clock and opmode, so the scheduler can run without a robot\n",[1103,2630,2632],{"class":1105,"line":2631},16,[1103,2633,2634],{},"        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);\n",[1103,2636,2638],{"class":1105,"line":2637},17,[1103,2639,2640],{},"        int loops = in.nextInt();\n",[1103,2642,2644],{"class":1105,"line":2643},18,[1103,2645,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2647,2649],{"class":1105,"line":2648},19,[1103,2650,2651],{},"        Scheduler scheduler = Scheduler.getDefault();\n",[1103,2653,2655],{"class":1105,"line":2654},20,[1103,2656,2657],{},"        Hatch hatch = new Hatch();\n",[1103,2659,2661],{"class":1105,"line":2660},21,[1103,2662,2663],{},"        Latch latch = new Latch();\n",[1103,2665,2667],{"class":1105,"line":2666},22,[1103,2668,2669],{},"        Ejector ejector = new Ejector();\n",[1103,2671,2673],{"class":1105,"line":2672},23,[1103,2674,2675],{},"        Command grab = hatch.run(coroutine -> {\n",[1103,2677,2679],{"class":1105,"line":2678},24,[1103,2680,2681],{},"            log.add(\"grab start\");\n",[1103,2683,2685],{"class":1105,"line":2684},25,[1103,2686,2687],{},"            coroutine.yield();\n",[1103,2689,2691],{"class":1105,"line":2690},26,[1103,2692,2687],{},[1103,2694,2696],{"class":1105,"line":2695},27,[1103,2697,2698],{},"            log.add(\"grab end\");\n",[1103,2700,2702],{"class":1105,"line":2701},28,[1103,2703,2704],{},"        }).named(\"Grab\");\n",[1103,2706,2708],{"class":1105,"line":2707},29,[1103,2709,2710],{},"        Command release = latch.run(coroutine -> log.add(\"release\")).named(\"Release\");\n",[1103,2712,2714],{"class":1105,"line":2713},30,[1103,2715,2716],{},"        Command eject = ejector.runRepeatedly(() -> log.add(\"eject\")).named(\"Eject\");\n",[1103,2718,2720],{"class":1105,"line":2719},31,[1103,2721,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2723,2725],{"class":1105,"line":2724},32,[1103,2726,2727],{},"        boolean[] held = new boolean[2]; \u002F\u002F [0] = bumper, [1] = B button\n",[1103,2729,2731],{"class":1105,"line":2730},33,[1103,2732,2733],{},"        Trigger bumper = new Trigger(scheduler, () -> held[0]);\n",[1103,2735,2737],{"class":1105,"line":2736},34,[1103,2738,2739],{},"        Trigger bButton = new Trigger(scheduler, () -> held[1]);\n",[1103,2741,2743],{"class":1105,"line":2742},35,[1103,2744,2745],{},"        Wiring.configureButtons(bumper, bButton, grab, release, eject);\n",[1103,2747,2749],{"class":1105,"line":2748},36,[1103,2750,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2752,2754],{"class":1105,"line":2753},37,[1103,2755,2756],{},"        scheduler.run(); \u002F\u002F one idle loop first, so each trigger records its starting state\n",[1103,2758,2760],{"class":1105,"line":2759},38,[1103,2761,2762],{},"        log.clear();\n",[1103,2764,2766],{"class":1105,"line":2765},39,[1103,2767,2768],{},"        for (int i = 0; i \u003C loops; i++)\n",[1103,2770,2772],{"class":1105,"line":2771},40,[1103,2773,2774],{},"        {\n",[1103,2776,2778],{"class":1105,"line":2777},41,[1103,2779,2780],{},"            held[0] = in.nextInt() == 1;\n",[1103,2782,2784],{"class":1105,"line":2783},42,[1103,2785,2786],{},"            held[1] = in.nextInt() == 1;\n",[1103,2788,2790],{"class":1105,"line":2789},43,[1103,2791,2792],{},"            log.clear();\n",[1103,2794,2796],{"class":1105,"line":2795},44,[1103,2797,2798],{},"            scheduler.run();\n",[1103,2800,2802],{"class":1105,"line":2801},45,[1103,2803,2804],{},"            System.out.println(\"loop \" + (i + 1) + \": \" + log);\n",[1103,2806,2808],{"class":1105,"line":2807},46,[1103,2809,2810],{},"        }\n",[1103,2812,2814],{"class":1105,"line":2813},47,[1103,2815,2326],{},[1103,2817,2819],{"class":1105,"line":2818},48,[1103,2820,2331],{},[1103,2822,2824],{"class":1105,"line":2823},49,[1103,2825,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2827,2829],{"class":1105,"line":2828},50,[1103,2830,2831],{},"class Hatch implements Mechanism\n",[1103,2833,2835],{"class":1105,"line":2834},51,[1103,2836,2287],{},[1103,2838,2840],{"class":1105,"line":2839},52,[1103,2841,2331],{},[1103,2843,2845],{"class":1105,"line":2844},53,[1103,2846,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2848,2850],{"class":1105,"line":2849},54,[1103,2851,2852],{},"class Latch implements Mechanism\n",[1103,2854,2856],{"class":1105,"line":2855},55,[1103,2857,2287],{},[1103,2859,2861],{"class":1105,"line":2860},56,[1103,2862,2331],{},[1103,2864,2866],{"class":1105,"line":2865},57,[1103,2867,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2869,2871],{"class":1105,"line":2870},58,[1103,2872,2873],{},"class Ejector implements Mechanism\n",[1103,2875,2877],{"class":1105,"line":2876},59,[1103,2878,2287],{},[1103,2880,2882],{"class":1105,"line":2881},60,[1103,2883,2331],{},[1103,2885,2887],{"class":1105,"line":2886},61,[1103,2888,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,2890,2892],{"class":1105,"line":2891},62,[1103,2893,2894],{},"class Wiring\n",[1103,2896,2898],{"class":1105,"line":2897},63,[1103,2899,2287],{},[1103,2901,2903],{"class":1105,"line":2902},64,[1103,2904,2905],{},"    public static void configureButtons(Trigger bumper, Trigger bButton, Command grab, Command release, Command eject)\n",[1103,2907,2909],{"class":1105,"line":2908},65,[1103,2910,2311],{},[1103,2912,2914],{"class":1105,"line":2913},66,[1103,2915,2916],{},"        \u002F\u002F TODO\n",[1103,2918,2920],{"class":1105,"line":2919},67,[1103,2921,2326],{},[1103,2923,2925],{"class":1105,"line":2924},68,[1103,2926,2331],{},[1085,2928,2929],{},[1372,2930,2931],{},"Scenario 1 (visible):",[1085,2933,2934],{},[1372,2935,2936],{},"Input:",[1094,2938,2940],{"className":2939,"code":2511,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],[1089,2941,2511],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,2943,2944],{},[1372,2945,2946],{},"Expected output:",[1094,2948,2950],{"className":2949,"code":2521,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],[1089,2951,2521],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,2953,2954],{},[1372,2955,2956],{},"Scenario 2 (visible):",[1085,2958,2959],{},[1372,2960,2936],{},[1094,2962,2965],{"className":2963,"code":2964,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"3\n0 1\n0 1\n0 0\n",[1089,2966,2964],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,2968,2969],{},[1372,2970,2946],{},[1094,2972,2975],{"className":2973,"code":2974,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"loop 1: [eject]\nloop 2: [eject]\nloop 3: []\n",[1089,2976,2974],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,2978,2979],{},[1372,2980,2981],{},"Scenario 3 (hidden):",[1085,2983,2984],{},[1372,2985,2936],{},[1094,2987,2990],{"className":2988,"code":2989,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"6\n1 1\n1 1\n0 1\n0 0\n1 0\n0 0\n",[1089,2991,2989],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,2993,2994],{},[1372,2995,2946],{},[1094,2997,3000],{"className":2998,"code":2999,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"loop 1: [eject, grab start]\nloop 2: [eject]\nloop 3: [release, eject, grab end]\nloop 4: []\nloop 5: [grab start]\nloop 6: [release]\n",[1089,3001,2999],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,3003,3004],{},[1372,3005,3006],{},"Scenario 4 (hidden):",[1085,3008,3009],{},[1372,3010,2936],{},[1094,3012,3015],{"className":3013,"code":3014,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"6\n1 0\n0 0\n1 0\n0 0\n0 0\n0 0\n",[1089,3016,3014],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,3018,3019],{},[1372,3020,2946],{},[1094,3022,3025],{"className":3023,"code":3024,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"loop 1: [grab start]\nloop 2: [release]\nloop 3: [grab end]\nloop 4: [release]\nloop 5: []\nloop 6: []\n",[1089,3026,3024],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,3028,3029],{},[1372,3030,3031],{},"Scenario 5 (hidden):",[1085,3033,3034],{},[1372,3035,2936],{},[1094,3037,3040],{"className":3038,"code":3039,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"4\n0 1\n0 0\n0 1\n0 1\n",[1089,3041,3039],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,3043,3044],{},[1372,3045,2946],{},[1094,3047,3050],{"className":3048,"code":3049,"language":2512,"meta":1099},[2510],"loop 1: [eject]\nloop 2: []\nloop 3: [eject]\nloop 4: [eject]\n",[1089,3051,3049],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1085,3053,3054],{},[1372,3055,3056],{},"Solution:",[1094,3058,3060],{"className":1096,"code":3059,"language":1098,"meta":1099,"style":1099},"import java.util.*;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.Command;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.Mechanism;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.Scheduler;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.TestSupport;\nimport org.wpilib.command3.Trigger;\n\npublic class Main\n{\n    private static final List\u003CString> log = new ArrayList\u003C>();\n\n    \u002F\u002F Don't change main\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        TestSupport.init(); \u002F\u002F a fake robot clock and opmode, so the scheduler can run without a robot\n        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);\n        int loops = in.nextInt();\n\n        Scheduler scheduler = Scheduler.getDefault();\n        Hatch hatch = new Hatch();\n        Latch latch = new Latch();\n        Ejector ejector = new Ejector();\n        Command grab = hatch.run(coroutine -> {\n            log.add(\"grab start\");\n            coroutine.yield();\n            coroutine.yield();\n            log.add(\"grab end\");\n        }).named(\"Grab\");\n        Command release = latch.run(coroutine -> log.add(\"release\")).named(\"Release\");\n        Command eject = ejector.runRepeatedly(() -> log.add(\"eject\")).named(\"Eject\");\n\n        boolean[] held = new boolean[2]; \u002F\u002F [0] = bumper, [1] = B button\n        Trigger bumper = new Trigger(scheduler, () -> held[0]);\n        Trigger bButton = new Trigger(scheduler, () -> held[1]);\n        Wiring.configureButtons(bumper, bButton, grab, release, eject);\n\n        scheduler.run(); \u002F\u002F one idle loop first, so each trigger records its starting state\n        log.clear();\n        for (int i = 0; i \u003C loops; i++)\n        {\n            held[0] = in.nextInt() == 1;\n            held[1] = in.nextInt() == 1;\n            log.clear();\n            scheduler.run();\n            System.out.println(\"loop \" + (i + 1) + \": \" + log);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nclass Hatch implements Mechanism\n{\n}\n\nclass Latch implements Mechanism\n{\n}\n\nclass Ejector implements Mechanism\n{\n}\n\nclass Wiring\n{\n    public static void configureButtons(Trigger bumper, Trigger bButton, Command grab, Command release, Command eject)\n    {\n        bumper\n            .onTrue(grab)\n            .onFalse(release);\n        bButton.whileTrue(eject);\n    }\n}\n",[1089,3061,3062,3066,3070,3074,3078,3082,3086,3090,3094,3098,3102,3106,3110,3114,3118,3122,3126,3130,3134,3138,3142,3146,3150,3154,3158,3162,3166,3170,3174,3178,3182,3186,3190,3194,3198,3202,3206,3210,3214,3218,3222,3226,3230,3234,3238,3242,3246,3250,3254,3258,3262,3266,3270,3274,3278,3282,3286,3290,3294,3298,3302,3306,3310,3314,3318,3322,3327,3332,3337,3343,3348],{"__ignoreMap":1099},[1103,3063,3064],{"class":1105,"line":1106},[1103,3065,2558],{},[1103,3067,3068],{"class":1105,"line":1112},[1103,3069,2563],{},[1103,3071,3072],{"class":1105,"line":1118},[1103,3073,2568],{},[1103,3075,3076],{"class":1105,"line":1125},[1103,3077,2573],{},[1103,3079,3080],{"class":1105,"line":1131},[1103,3081,2578],{},[1103,3083,3084],{"class":1105,"line":1235},[1103,3085,2583],{},[1103,3087,3088],{"class":1105,"line":1240},[1103,3089,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3091,3092],{"class":1105,"line":1246},[1103,3093,2592],{},[1103,3095,3096],{"class":1105,"line":1252},[1103,3097,2287],{},[1103,3099,3100],{"class":1105,"line":1257},[1103,3101,2601],{},[1103,3103,3104],{"class":1105,"line":1263},[1103,3105,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3107,3108],{"class":1105,"line":2608},[1103,3109,2611],{},[1103,3111,3112],{"class":1105,"line":2614},[1103,3113,2617],{},[1103,3115,3116],{"class":1105,"line":2620},[1103,3117,2311],{},[1103,3119,3120],{"class":1105,"line":2625},[1103,3121,2628],{},[1103,3123,3124],{"class":1105,"line":2631},[1103,3125,2634],{},[1103,3127,3128],{"class":1105,"line":2637},[1103,3129,2640],{},[1103,3131,3132],{"class":1105,"line":2643},[1103,3133,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3135,3136],{"class":1105,"line":2648},[1103,3137,2651],{},[1103,3139,3140],{"class":1105,"line":2654},[1103,3141,2657],{},[1103,3143,3144],{"class":1105,"line":2660},[1103,3145,2663],{},[1103,3147,3148],{"class":1105,"line":2666},[1103,3149,2669],{},[1103,3151,3152],{"class":1105,"line":2672},[1103,3153,2675],{},[1103,3155,3156],{"class":1105,"line":2678},[1103,3157,2681],{},[1103,3159,3160],{"class":1105,"line":2684},[1103,3161,2687],{},[1103,3163,3164],{"class":1105,"line":2690},[1103,3165,2687],{},[1103,3167,3168],{"class":1105,"line":2695},[1103,3169,2698],{},[1103,3171,3172],{"class":1105,"line":2701},[1103,3173,2704],{},[1103,3175,3176],{"class":1105,"line":2707},[1103,3177,2710],{},[1103,3179,3180],{"class":1105,"line":2713},[1103,3181,2716],{},[1103,3183,3184],{"class":1105,"line":2719},[1103,3185,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3187,3188],{"class":1105,"line":2724},[1103,3189,2727],{},[1103,3191,3192],{"class":1105,"line":2730},[1103,3193,2733],{},[1103,3195,3196],{"class":1105,"line":2736},[1103,3197,2739],{},[1103,3199,3200],{"class":1105,"line":2742},[1103,3201,2745],{},[1103,3203,3204],{"class":1105,"line":2748},[1103,3205,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3207,3208],{"class":1105,"line":2753},[1103,3209,2756],{},[1103,3211,3212],{"class":1105,"line":2759},[1103,3213,2762],{},[1103,3215,3216],{"class":1105,"line":2765},[1103,3217,2768],{},[1103,3219,3220],{"class":1105,"line":2771},[1103,3221,2774],{},[1103,3223,3224],{"class":1105,"line":2777},[1103,3225,2780],{},[1103,3227,3228],{"class":1105,"line":2783},[1103,3229,2786],{},[1103,3231,3232],{"class":1105,"line":2789},[1103,3233,2792],{},[1103,3235,3236],{"class":1105,"line":2795},[1103,3237,2798],{},[1103,3239,3240],{"class":1105,"line":2801},[1103,3241,2804],{},[1103,3243,3244],{"class":1105,"line":2807},[1103,3245,2810],{},[1103,3247,3248],{"class":1105,"line":2813},[1103,3249,2326],{},[1103,3251,3252],{"class":1105,"line":2818},[1103,3253,2331],{},[1103,3255,3256],{"class":1105,"line":2823},[1103,3257,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3259,3260],{"class":1105,"line":2828},[1103,3261,2831],{},[1103,3263,3264],{"class":1105,"line":2834},[1103,3265,2287],{},[1103,3267,3268],{"class":1105,"line":2839},[1103,3269,2331],{},[1103,3271,3272],{"class":1105,"line":2844},[1103,3273,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3275,3276],{"class":1105,"line":2849},[1103,3277,2852],{},[1103,3279,3280],{"class":1105,"line":2855},[1103,3281,2287],{},[1103,3283,3284],{"class":1105,"line":2860},[1103,3285,2331],{},[1103,3287,3288],{"class":1105,"line":2865},[1103,3289,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3291,3292],{"class":1105,"line":2870},[1103,3293,2873],{},[1103,3295,3296],{"class":1105,"line":2876},[1103,3297,2287],{},[1103,3299,3300],{"class":1105,"line":2881},[1103,3301,2331],{},[1103,3303,3304],{"class":1105,"line":2886},[1103,3305,1122],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1121},[1103,3307,3308],{"class":1105,"line":2891},[1103,3309,2894],{},[1103,3311,3312],{"class":1105,"line":2897},[1103,3313,2287],{},[1103,3315,3316],{"class":1105,"line":2902},[1103,3317,2905],{},[1103,3319,3320],{"class":1105,"line":2908},[1103,3321,2311],{},[1103,3323,3324],{"class":1105,"line":2913},[1103,3325,3326],{},"        bumper\n",[1103,3328,3329],{"class":1105,"line":2919},[1103,3330,3331],{},"            .onTrue(grab)\n",[1103,3333,3334],{"class":1105,"line":2924},[1103,3335,3336],{},"            .onFalse(release);\n",[1103,3338,3340],{"class":1105,"line":3339},69,[1103,3341,3342],{},"        bButton.whileTrue(eject);\n",[1103,3344,3346],{"class":1105,"line":3345},70,[1103,3347,2326],{},[1103,3349,3351],{"class":1105,"line":3350},71,[1103,3352,2331],{},[1085,3354,3355,2131,3357,1141,3359,3361,3362,3365,3366,3369,3370,3372,3373,3376,3377,3379,3380,3383,3384,3386,3387,3389,3390,3392,3393,3395],{},[1372,3356,2130],{},[1089,3358,2435],{},[1089,3360,1091],{},", and every binding method returns the ",[1372,3363,3364],{},"same"," trigger, so\n",[1089,3367,3368],{},".onTrue(grab).onFalse(release)"," chains both bindings onto the one trigger. ",[1089,3371,1271],{}," fires ",[1372,3374,3375],{},"once","\non the press (loop 2), not again while the button is held (loop 3), and ",[1089,3378,1542],{}," fires once on the\nrelease (loop 4). ",[1089,3381,3382],{},"whileTrue(eject)"," is the right binding for \"run while held\": the command starts\non the press, runs every loop the button stays down (an ",[1089,3385,1271],{}," would run it only once), and is\ncanceled the moment the button is released. ",[1089,3388,1576],{}," (a different method) would turn it on\nand off with alternate presses instead: scenario 4 presses the bumper again while ",[1089,3391,2438],{}," is still\nrunning, and a toggle would cancel it there, so ",[1089,3394,2536],{}," would never print.",[1614,3397,1616],{},{"title":1099,"searchDepth":1112,"depth":1112,"links":3399},[3400,3401,3402],{"id":2073,"depth":1112,"text":2074},{"id":2170,"depth":1112,"text":2171},{"id":2408,"depth":1112,"text":2409},{"outlineRef":1629,"pairsWith":2060,"status":3404},"new — authored exercises (Multiple Choice + Micro-Parsons + Coding); rewritten for Commands v3",{"title":1036,"description":1099},"kFj6a-28DGI0rby_C-1vQ3703WNanIa_9zo03qghevQ",1792718166823]